Avec « KPop Demon Hunters », les Coréennes tiennent l’épée, le micro — et peut-être bientôt un Oscar

Source: The Conversation – France (in French) – By Hyounjeong Yoo, Instructor, School of Linguistics and Language Studies, Carleton University

Le groupe Huntrix au centre de l’intrigue fait notamment écho au parcours des Kim Sisters dans les années 50 et 60. Netflix

Succès critique et populaire, « KPop Demon Hunters » s’inscrit dans l’essor mondial de la Hallyu, la « vague coréenne ». Le film met en lumière le rôle central des femmes et du folklore coréen dans une culture longtemps reléguée aux marges du récit occidental.


Quand j’étais enfant en Corée du Sud, le Nouvel An commençait souvent par une chanson bien connue : « Kkachi Kkachi Seollal ». Seollal désigne le Nouvel An lunaire, l’une des fêtes familiales les plus importantes en Corée, et kkachi signifie « pie », un oiseau associé à la chance et aux nouveaux départs heureux.

En chantant cette chanson, pensions-nous, nous invitions des visiteurs bienveillants à entrer dans la maison. Pour mes frères et sœurs et moi, ces visiteurs étaient le plus souvent nos grands-parents, et leur arrivée était synonyme de chaleur, de continuité et de sentiment d’appartenance à une même communauté.

Des décennies plus tard, je vis aujourd’hui au Canada, où l’éloignement rend ces visites venues de mon pays d’origine rares. Et pourtant, c’est comme si la pie était revenue — cette fois, sur un écran mondial.

Des décennies ont passé,je vis désormais au Canada, loin de mon pays d’origine, et ces visites sont devenues rares. Pourtant, j’ai l’impression que la pie est revenue, cette fois sur un écran vu partout dans le monde.

Le film d’animation de Netflix KPop Demon Hunters suit les aventures d’un groupe fictif de K-pop, Huntrix, dont les membres chassent des démons la nuit. Il vient d’obtenir une nomination aux Oscars, dans les catégories meilleur film d’animation et meilleure chanson originale, après avoir déjà remporté plusieurs Golden Globes.

Le film a été créé par la réalisatrice coréano-canadienne Maggie Kang. La production musicale est assurée par Teddy Park, et les voix sont celles d’acteurs et d’actrices américano-coréens, dont Arden Cho, Ji-young Yoo et Audrey Nuna.

Je m’intéresse à la façon dont KPop Demon Hunters ouvre une nouvelle phase de la Hallyu, la « vague coréenne », où le folklore et le travail musical des femmes se croisent pour bousculer la place longtemps marginale des récits asiatiques dans les médias occidentaux.

Le folklore comme autorité culturelle

L’un des aspects les plus marquants du film est l’usage assumé de symboles coréens. Les chasseuses de démons portent des gatdes chapeaux traditionnels en crin de cheval associés aux lettrés sous la dynastie Joseon — et combattent les esprits maléfiques aux côtés du tigre, longtemps considéré comme un esprit protecteur de la Corée. Ces éléments marquent une prise de position culturelle.

Historiquement, le cinéma et l’animation occidentaux ont souvent cantonné les personnages asiatiques à des stéréotypes ou les ont purement et simplement effacés par des pratiques de whitewashing.

À l’inverse, KPop Demon Hunters place le folklore coréen au cœur de son récit. Le gat évoque la dignité et la discipline ; le tigre incarne la protection et la résilience. Ensemble, ils viennent contester l’idée persistante selon laquelle les productions grand public portées par des personnages asiatiques seraient nécessairement de niche ou de moindre valeur.

En recourant à des références clairement coréennes — comme le style satirique de la peinture minhwa incarné par le tigre Derpy — le film s’ancre fermement dans un contexte coréen bien précis, qui n’a rien à voir avec une esthétique panasiatique vague.

Une lignée matrilinéaire de survie

L’un des moments forts du film se trouve dans la séquence d’ouverture. À travers une succession rapide de figures chamaniques, de flappers et d’artistes de l’ère disco, la séquence peut se lire comme un hommage matrilinéaire aux musiciennes coréennes, de génération en génération.

Comme le souligne l’autrice Iris (Yi Youn) Kim, en s’appuyant sur une conférence de la chercheuse en études asiatico-américaines Elaine Andres, cette lignée fait écho à l’histoire bien réelle des Kim Sisters, souvent présentées comme le premier groupe féminin coréen à connaître un succès international. Après la mort de leur père pendant la guerre de Corée, les sœurs furent formées par leur mère, la célèbre chanteuse Lee Nan-young — connue notamment pour la chanson anticoloniale « Tears of Mokpo » — et se produisirent sur les bases militaires américaines pour gagner leur vie.

Les Kim Sisters interprètent « Fever » dans l’émission The Ed Sullivan Show.

Les Kim Sisters sont ensuite devenues des habituées de l’émission The Ed Sullivan Show, séduisant le public américain tout en composant avec des attentes racistes qui cantonnaient les femmes asiatiques à des figures jugées accessibles, inoffensives et exotiques.

Le travail symbolique de la représentation nationale

Le groupe fictif Huntrix s’inscrit dans cet héritage. À l’image des Kim Sisters, ses membres sont censées incarner la discipline, le professionnalisme et la Corée elle-même aux yeux du public.

Le film montre ainsi le groupe face à la discipline rigoureuse qui leur est imposée, contraintes de maintenir une image publique irréprochable tout en étouffant leurs vulnérabilités personnelles afin d’assumer leur double rôle d’idoles et de protectrices. À un niveau méta-narratif, Huntrix est également présenté comme un représentant de la Corée du Sud, à travers l’usage de symboles du folklore du pays comme le gat et le tigre.

En tant qu’« ambassadrices culturelles », à l’écran comme en dehors, les membres de Huntrix ne se contentent pas de divertir : elles assument aussi la charge symbolique de représenter une nation face à un public mondial.

En inscrivant cette filiation dans un film d’animation grand public, KPop Demon Hunters reconnaît que le succès mondial de la K-pop repose sur des décennies de travail, de sacrifices et de négociations menées par des femmes face aux structures de pouvoir occidentales.

Au-delà du soft power

Le succès du film s’inscrit dans la poursuite de l’expansion de la Hallyu dans les médias mondiaux. Le cinéma et les séries sud-coréens ont déjà transformé les perceptions à l’international, avec des œuvres majeures comme Parasite et des séries diffusées à l’échelle mondiale comme Squid Game. Netflix s’est en outre engagé publiquement à investir des centaines de millions de dollars dans les contenus coréens, signe que cette dynamique culturelle est structurelle plutôt que passagère.

KPop Demon Hunters montre comment la culture populaire coréenne circule désormais avec fluidité entre différents médias — musique, animation, cinéma et plateformes de streaming — tout en conservant une forte spécificité culturelle. L’accueil du film remet en cause l’idée tenace selon laquelle les récits ancrés dans des expériences asiatiques manqueraient de portée universelle.

La reconnaissance, à elle seule, ne suffit pas à effacer les inégalités, pas plus qu’elle ne démantèle les hiérarchies racialisées à l’œuvre dans les industries médiatiques mondiales. Mais une visibilité durable peut faire la différence. Des travaux montrent qu’une exposition répétée à des représentations multidimensionnelles et humanisées de groupes marginalisés contribue à réduire les biais raciaux, en normalisant la différence plutôt qu’en l’exotisant.

Tenir l’épée et le micro

Si le film s’inscrit dans des histoires culturelles marquées par la présence militaire américaine et la politique de la guerre froide, il reconfigure ces héritages à travers un récit diasporique qui place les voix et les points de vue coréens au centre.

La promesse de la pie est enfin tenue. Les personnages coréens ne sont plus de simples « invités » ni des figures secondaires dans l’histoire des autres. Ils sont désormais les protagonistes — tenant l’épée, le micro et, peut-être un jour, un Oscar.

Récemment, je me suis surprise à revoir KPop Demon Hunters en mangeant du gimbap et des nouilles instantanées, les mêmes plats réconfortants que partagent les personnages à l’écran. Le moment était simple, mais chargé de sens.

Il m’a rappelé une remarque faite un jour par l’un de mes étudiants : une exposition de cette ampleur permet à celles et ceux qui se sont longtemps sentis blessés par l’exclusion de se sentir enfin regardés.

The Conversation

Hyounjeong Yoo ne travaille pas, ne conseille pas, ne possède pas de parts, ne reçoit pas de fonds d’une organisation qui pourrait tirer profit de cet article, et n’a déclaré aucune autre affiliation que son organisme de recherche.

ref. Avec « KPop Demon Hunters », les Coréennes tiennent l’épée, le micro — et peut-être bientôt un Oscar – https://theconversation.com/avec-kpop-demon-hunters-les-coreennes-tiennent-lepee-le-micro-et-peut-etre-bientot-un-oscar-274702

Why Trump’s new pick for Fed chair hit gold and silver markets – for good reasons

Source: The Conversation – Global Perspectives – By Henry Maher, Lecturer in Politics, Department of Government and International Relations, University of Sydney

Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images

After months of speculation, US President Donald Trump confirmed he will be nominating Kevin Warsh as the next chair of the US Federal Reserve. The appointment has been closely watched in the context of Trump’s ongoing conflict with the Fed and its current chairman Jerome Powell.

The immediate reaction to the announcement was a significant crash in gold and silver markets. After months of record highs and stretched valuations, spot prices for gold and silver dropped 9% and 28% respectively after the announcement. The US stock market also fell, with major indexes all reporting modest losses.

However, in the context of concerns over Trump’s interference with the Fed, the market crash can ironically be understood as an early vote of confidence in Warsh’s independence and suitability for the role.

Understanding why requires the context of Trump’s ongoing conflict with the Federal Reserve, and the importance of central bank independence to our current global financial system.

Trump’s war with the Fed

The last year has seen Trump in an unprecedented conflict with the Federal Reserve.

Trump appointed current Chairman Jerome Powell back in 2017. However, the relationship quickly soured when Powell did not cut interest rates as quickly as Trump wanted. In characteristically colourful language, Trump has since called Powell a “clown” with “some real mental problems”, adding “I’d love to fire his ass”.

The war of words descended into legal threats. Trump’s Justice Department announced an investigation into Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook over alleged fraud in historical mortgage documents. Then last month, in a shocking escalation the Justice Department opened a criminal investigation into Powell relating to overspending in renovations of the Federal Reserve offices.

Both sets of allegations are widely viewed as baseless. However, Trump has tried to use the investigation as grounds to fire Cook. The case is currently before the Supreme Court.

Powell has hit back strongly at Trump, saying the legal threats were

a consequence of the Federal Reserve setting interest rates based on our best assessment of what will serve the public, rather than following the preferences of the President.

Powell received support from 14 international central bank chiefs, who noted “the independence of central banks is a cornerstone of price, financial and economic stability”.

Historically, presidential interference with the Fed was a major cause of the stagflation crisis in the 1970s. More recently, both Argentina and Turkey have experienced significant financial crises caused by interference with central bank independence.

Who is Kevin Warsh?

Kevin Warsh is a former banker and Federal Reserve governor, who previously served as economic advisor to both President George W Bush and President Trump.

Originally Trump seemed likely to favour the current director of Trump’s National Economic Council, Kevin Hassett, for the job. However, Hassett was widely viewed as being too influenced by Trump, intensifying fears about Fed independence.

Warsh appears more independent and brings a reputation as an inflation “hawk”.

What is an inflation hawk?

The Federal Reserve is responsible for setting US interest rates. Put simply, lower interest rates can increase economic growth and employment, but risk creating inflation. Higher interest rates can control inflation, but at the cost of higher unemployment and lower growth.

Getting the balance right is the central role of the Federal Reserve. Central bank independence is essential to ensure this delicate task is guided by the best evidence and long-term needs of the economy, rather than the short-term political goals.

An inflation “hawk” refers to a central banker who prioritises fighting inflation, compared to a “dove” who prioritises growth and jobs.

From Warsh’s previous time at the Federal Reserve, he established a strong reputation as an inflation hawk. Even in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008, Warsh was more worried about inflation than jobs.

Given Trump’s past conflict with Powell around cutting interest rates, Warsh might seem a curious choice of candidate.

More recently though, Warsh has moderated his views, echoing Trump’s criticism of the Fed and demands for lower interest rates. Whether this support will continue, or if his hawkish tendencies return leading to future conflict with Trump, remains to be seen.

The market reaction

The crash in gold and silver, and decline in stock markets, suggests investors view interest rate cuts as less likely under Warsh than alternative candidates.

Gold and silver prices typically rise in response to instability or fears of inflation.

The previous record highs were driven by many factors, including global instability, concerns over Fed independence, and a speculative bubble.

That Warsh’s appointment has triggered a market correction in precious metals means investors expect lower inflation, and greater financial stability. The US dollar trading higher also supports this view.




Read more:
Silver and gold hit record highs – then crashed. Before joining the rush, you need to know this


The credibility of the Fed is at stake

The past month has seen much discussion of the changing world order. Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney recently decried the end of the international rules-based order and called for a break from “American hegemony”.

The global dominance of the US dollar is a crucial plank of US economic hegemony. Though Trump clearly remains sceptical of central bank independence, his appointment of Warsh suggests he recognises the importance of retaining the credibility of the US currency and Federal Reserve.

Whether that recognition can continue to temper Trump’s instinct to interfere with the setting of interest rates remains to be seen.

The Conversation

Henry Maher does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

ref. Why Trump’s new pick for Fed chair hit gold and silver markets – for good reasons – https://theconversation.com/why-trumps-new-pick-for-fed-chair-hit-gold-and-silver-markets-for-good-reasons-273233

Over 100 deaths linked to January storm: Here’s how to stay safe as more cold, stormy weather moves in

Source: The Conversation – USA (2) – By Brett Robertson, Associate Professor and Associate Director of the Hazards Vulnerability and Resilience Institute, University of South Carolina

A powerful winter storm that left hundreds of thousands of people across the U.S. without power for days in freezing temperatures in late January 2026 has been linked to more than 100 deaths, and the cold weather is forecast to continue into February. Several East Coast states are also facing a new winter storm, forecast to bring several inches of snow the weekend of Jan. 31.

The causes of the deaths and injuries have varied. Some people died from exposure to cold inside their homes. Others fell outside or suffered heart attacks while shoveling snow. Three young brothers died after falling through ice on a Texas pond. Dozens of children were treated for carbon monoxide poisoning from improperly used generators or heaters.

These tragedies and others share a common theme: Winter storms pose multiple dangers at once, and people often underestimate how quickly conditions can become life-threatening.

A man stands by the open door of a car stuck on a road with deep snow.
If you plan to drive in a winter storm, be prepared to be stranded, as this driver was in Little Rock, Ark., on Jan. 24, 2026. Cars can slide off roads, slide into each other or get stuck in snow drifts. Having warm winter gear, boots and a charged cell phone can help you deal with the cold.
Will Newton/Getty Images

I’m the associate director of the Hazards Vulnerability and Resilience Institute at the University of South Carolina, where we work on ways to improve emergency preparedness and response. Here is what people need to know to reduce their risk of injury during severe winter weather.

Prepare before the storm arrives

Preparation makes the biggest difference when temperatures drop, and services fail. Many winter storm injuries happen after power outages knock out heat, lighting or medical equipment.

Start by assembling a basic emergency kit. The Federal Emergency Management Agency recommends having water, food that does not require cooking, a flashlight, a battery-powered radio, extra batteries and a first-aid kit, at minimum.

Some basics to go into an emergency kit
In addition to these basics, a winter emergency kit should have plenty of warm clothes and snacks to provide energy to produce body heat.
National Institute of Aging

In wintertime, you’ll also need warm clothing, blankets, hats and gloves. When you go out, even in a vehicle, make sure you dress for the weather. Keep a blanket in the car in case you get stranded, as hundreds of people did for hours overnight on a Mississippi highway on Jan. 27 in freezing, snowy weather.

Portable phone chargers matter more than many people realize. During emergencies, phones become lifelines for updates, help and contact with family. Keep devices charged ahead of the storm and conserve battery power once the storm begins.

If anyone in your home depends on electrically powered medical equipment, make a plan now. Know where you can go if the power goes out for an extended period. Contact your utility provider in advance to ask about outage planning, including whether they offer priority restoration or guidance for customers who rely on powered medical equipment.

What to do if the power goes out

Loss of heat is one of the most serious dangers of winter storms. Hypothermia can occur indoors when temperatures drop, especially overnight.

If the power goes out, choose one room to stay in and close its doors to keep the warmth inside. Cover windows with curtains or blankets. Wear loose layers and a knit hat to keep your own body heat in, even indoors. Remember to also eat regular snacks and drink warm fluids when possible, since the body uses energy to stay warm.

Five people sit around a table, each wrapped up in warm clothes and hats. Two children are studying.
Wearing knit caps, lots of layers and staying together in one room can help with warmth. If you light candles, use them carefully to avoid fires.
SimpleImages/Moment via Getty Images

It might seem tempting, but don’t use camp stoves, outdoor grills or generators inside a home. These can quickly produce carbon monoxide, an odorless and deadly gas. During the January storm, one Nashville hospital saw more than 40 children with carbon monoxide poisoning linked to unsafe heating practices.

If you must use a generator, keep it outdoors and far from windows and doors. Make sure your home’s carbon monoxide detectors are working before storms arrive.

If your home becomes too cold, go to a warmer place, such as a friend’s home, a warming center or a public shelter. You can call 2-1-1, a nationwide hotline, to find local options. The American Red Cross and the Salvation Army also list open shelters on their websites. Several states maintain online maps for finding warming centers and emergency services during winter storms, including Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, Tennessee, and Texas.

Be careful outside – ice changes things

Winter storms make everyday activities dangerous. Ice turns sidewalks into slippery hazards. Snow shoveling strains the heart.
Frozen ponds and lakes might look solid but often are not as the ice can change quickly with weather conditions.

Walking on icy surfaces, even your own sidewalk, requires slow steps, proper footwear and full attention to what you’re doing. Falls can cause head injuries or broken bones, and it can happen with your first step out the door.

A group of kids scream as they sled down a hillside, legs flying in the air.
Playing in the snow, like this group was at Cherokee Park in Louisville, Ky., can be the best part of winter, but be sure to do it safely. At least three people died in accidents while being towed on sleds behind vehicles on icy streets during the January 2026 storm.
Jon Cherry/Getty Images

Shoveling snow is a common risk that people often overlook, but it deserves special caution. The actions of shoveling in cold weather can place intense strain on the heart. For people with heart conditions, it that extra strain can trigger heart attacks.

Why shoveling snow is more stressful on your heart than mowing your lawn. Mayo Clinic.

If you’re shoveling, take frequent breaks. Push snow instead of lifting when possible. And stop immediately if you feel chest pain, dizziness, or shortness of breath.

Communication saves time and lives

Winter storms disrupt information flows. Cell service fails. Internet access drops. Power outages silence televisions.

In my research on heat and storm emergencies, people frequently rely on personal networks to share updates, resources, and safety information. With that in mind, check on family, friends and neighbors, especially older adults and people who live alone.

Research I have conducted shows that nearby social ties matter during disasters because they help people share information and act more quickly when services are disrupted. Make sure that the information you’re sharing is coming from reliable sources – not everything on social media is. Also, let others know where you plan to go if conditions worsen.

A woman in a puffy jacket, hat and scarf walks up snow-covered subway stairs.
Walk carefully on snow and ice, particularly stairs like these in a New York subway station on Jan. 25, 2026. At home, be sure to clear snow off your steps soon after a storm so ice doesn’t build up.
Spencer Platt/Getty Images

Use multiple sources for information. Battery-powered radios remain critical during winter storms. Sign up for local emergency alerts by email or text. Studies have found that in regions accustomed to frequent hazardous weather, people often take actions in response to risks more slowly when they don’t have reliable local updates or clear alerts.

Practice matters

Many injuries happen because people delay actions they know they need to take. They wait to leave a house that’s getting too cold or at risk of damage by weather, such as flooding. They wait to ask for help. They wait to adjust plans.

In research I contributed to on evacuation drills involving wildfires, people who practiced their evacuation plan in advance were more likely to react quickly when conditions changed. Talking through evacuation plans for any type of emergency, whether a hurricane or a winter storm, builds people’s confidence and reduces their hesitation.

Take time each winter to review your emergency supplies, communication plans, and heating options.

Winter storms will test your preparation, judgment, and patience. You cannot control when the next one arrives, but you can decide how ready you will be when it does.

This article, originally published Jan. 29, 2026, has been updated with additional details on the new storm.

The Conversation

Brett Robertson receives funding from the National Science Foundation (Award #2316128). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

ref. Over 100 deaths linked to January storm: Here’s how to stay safe as more cold, stormy weather moves in – https://theconversation.com/over-100-deaths-linked-to-january-storm-heres-how-to-stay-safe-as-more-cold-stormy-weather-moves-in-274605

Over 100 deaths linked to January storm, but winter storms don’t have to be deadly – here’s how to prepare to stay safe

Source: The Conversation – USA (2) – By Brett Robertson, Associate Professor and Associate Director of the Hazards Vulnerability and Resilience Institute, University of South Carolina

A powerful winter storm that left hundreds of thousands of people across the U.S. without power for days in freezing temperatures in late January 2026 has been linked to more than 100 deaths, and the cold weather is forecast to continue into February. Several East Coast states are also facing a new winter storm, forecast to bring several inches of snow the weekend of Jan. 31.

The causes of the deaths and injuries have varied. Some people died from exposure to cold inside their homes. Others fell outside or suffered heart attacks while shoveling snow. Three young brothers died after falling through ice on a Texas pond. Dozens of children were treated for carbon monoxide poisoning from improperly used generators or heaters.

These tragedies and others share a common theme: Winter storms pose multiple dangers at once, and people often underestimate how quickly conditions can become life-threatening.

A man stands by the open door of a car stuck on a road with deep snow.
If you plan to drive in a winter storm, be prepared to be stranded, as this driver was in Little Rock, Ark., on Jan. 24, 2026. Cars can slide off roads, slide into each other or get stuck in snow drifts. Having warm winter gear, boots and a charged cell phone can help you deal with the cold.
Will Newton/Getty Images

I’m the associate director of the Hazards Vulnerability and Resilience Institute at the University of South Carolina, where we work on ways to improve emergency preparedness and response. Here is what people need to know to reduce their risk of injury during severe winter weather.

Prepare before the storm arrives

Preparation makes the biggest difference when temperatures drop, and services fail. Many winter storm injuries happen after power outages knock out heat, lighting or medical equipment.

Start by assembling a basic emergency kit. The Federal Emergency Management Agency recommends having water, food that does not require cooking, a flashlight, a battery-powered radio, extra batteries and a first-aid kit, at minimum.

Some basics to go into an emergency kit
In addition to these basics, a winter emergency kit should have plenty of warm clothes and snacks to provide energy to produce body heat.
National Institute of Aging

In wintertime, you’ll also need warm clothing, blankets, hats and gloves. When you go out, even in a vehicle, make sure you dress for the weather. Keep a blanket in the car in case you get stranded, as hundreds of people did for hours overnight on a Mississippi highway on Jan. 27 in freezing, snowy weather.

Portable phone chargers matter more than many people realize. During emergencies, phones become lifelines for updates, help and contact with family. Keep devices charged ahead of the storm and conserve battery power once the storm begins.

If anyone in your home depends on electrically powered medical equipment, make a plan now. Know where you can go if the power goes out for an extended period. Contact your utility provider in advance to ask about outage planning, including whether they offer priority restoration or guidance for customers who rely on powered medical equipment.

What to do if the power goes out

Loss of heat is one of the most serious dangers of winter storms. Hypothermia can occur indoors when temperatures drop, especially overnight.

If the power goes out, choose one room to stay in and close its doors to keep the warmth inside. Cover windows with curtains or blankets. Wear loose layers and a knit hat to keep your own body heat in, even indoors. Remember to also eat regular snacks and drink warm fluids when possible, since the body uses energy to stay warm.

Five people sit around a table, each wrapped up in warm clothes and hats. Two children are studying.
Wearing knit caps, lots of layers and staying together in one room can help with warmth. If you light candles, use them carefully to avoid fires.
SimpleImages/Moment via Getty Images

It might seem tempting, but don’t use camp stoves, outdoor grills or generators inside a home. These can quickly produce carbon monoxide, an odorless and deadly gas. During the January storm, one Nashville hospital saw more than 40 children with carbon monoxide poisoning linked to unsafe heating practices.

If you must use a generator, keep it outdoors and far from windows and doors. Make sure your home’s carbon monoxide detectors are working before storms arrive.

If your home becomes too cold, go to a warmer place, such as a friend’s home, a warming center or a public shelter. You can call 2-1-1, a nationwide hotline, to find local options. The American Red Cross and the Salvation Army also list open shelters on their websites. Several states maintain online maps for finding warming centers and emergency services during winter storms, including Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, Tennessee, and Texas.

Be careful outside – ice changes things

Winter storms make everyday activities dangerous. Ice turns sidewalks into slippery hazards. Snow shoveling strains the heart.
Frozen ponds and lakes might look solid but often are not as the ice can change quickly with weather conditions.

Walking on icy surfaces, even your own sidewalk, requires slow steps, proper footwear and full attention to what you’re doing. Falls can cause head injuries or broken bones, and it can happen with your first step out the door.

A group of kids scream as they sled down a hillside, legs flying in the air.
Playing in the snow, like this group was at Cherokee Park in Louisville, Ky., can be the best part of winter, but be sure to do it safely. At least three people died in accidents while being towed on sleds behind vehicles on icy streets during the January 2026 storm.
Jon Cherry/Getty Images

Shoveling snow is a common risk that people often overlook, but it deserves special caution. The actions of shoveling in cold weather can place intense strain on the heart. For people with heart conditions, it that extra strain can trigger heart attacks.

Why shoveling snow is more stressful on your heart than mowing your lawn. Mayo Clinic.

If you’re shoveling, take frequent breaks. Push snow instead of lifting when possible. And stop immediately if you feel chest pain, dizziness, or shortness of breath.

Communication saves time and lives

Winter storms disrupt information flows. Cell service fails. Internet access drops. Power outages silence televisions.

In my research on heat and storm emergencies, people frequently rely on personal networks to share updates, resources, and safety information. With that in mind, check on family, friends and neighbors, especially older adults and people who live alone.

Research I have conducted shows that nearby social ties matter during disasters because they help people share information and act more quickly when services are disrupted. Make sure that the information you’re sharing is coming from reliable sources – not everything on social media is. Also, let others know where you plan to go if conditions worsen.

A woman in a puffy jacket, hat and scarf walks up snow-covered subway stairs.
Walk carefully on snow and ice, particularly stairs like these in a New York subway station on Jan. 25, 2026. At home, be sure to clear snow off your steps soon after a storm so ice doesn’t build up.
Spencer Platt/Getty Images

Use multiple sources for information. Battery-powered radios remain critical during winter storms. Sign up for local emergency alerts by email or text. Studies have found that in regions accustomed to frequent hazardous weather, people often take actions in response to risks more slowly when they don’t have reliable local updates or clear alerts.

Practice matters

Many injuries happen because people delay actions they know they need to take. They wait to leave a house that’s getting too cold or at risk of damage by weather, such as flooding. They wait to ask for help. They wait to adjust plans.

In research I contributed to on evacuation drills involving wildfires, people who practiced their evacuation plan in advance were more likely to react quickly when conditions changed. Talking through evacuation plans for any type of emergency, whether a hurricane or a winter storm, builds people’s confidence and reduces their hesitation.

Take time each winter to review your emergency supplies, communication plans, and heating options.

Winter storms will test your preparation, judgment, and patience. You cannot control when the next one arrives, but you can decide how ready you will be when it does.

This article, originally published Jan. 29, 2026, has been updated with additional details on the new storm.

The Conversation

Brett Robertson receives funding from the National Science Foundation (Award #2316128). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

ref. Over 100 deaths linked to January storm, but winter storms don’t have to be deadly – here’s how to prepare to stay safe – https://theconversation.com/over-100-deaths-linked-to-january-storm-but-winter-storms-dont-have-to-be-deadly-heres-how-to-prepare-to-stay-safe-274605

Qui sont les fans de Taylor Swift ?

Source: The Conversation – France (in French) – By Arnaud Alessandrin, Sociologue, Université de Bordeaux

Taylor Swift est aujourd’hui bien plus qu’une star de la pop. Artiste parmi les plus écoutées au monde, elle cristallise des passions, des controverses et des formes d’identification particulièrement intenses. Mais que dit réellement Taylor Swift du monde social ? Et surtout, que disent ses fans de nos sociétés contemporaines ?


À partir d’une enquête sociologique menée auprès de plus de 1 000 fans en France, je propose de déplacer le regard : il ne s’agit pas d’analyser uniquement l’artiste, mais de comprendre ce que son œuvre et sa figure produisent socialement. Qui sont les Swifties (les fans de la chanteuse) ? Comment se rencontrent-ils ? En quoi Taylor Swift accompagne-t-elle les trajectoires de vie ? Et que révèle son succès des attentes politiques, féministes ou morales de ses publics ? C’est ce qu’explore mon essai, Sociologie de Taylor Swift, qui vient de paraître.

Loin des clichés sur un fandom adolescent et irrationnel, l’analyse met en évidence des pratiques culturelles structurées, genrées, durables et socialement situées. À travers Taylor Swift, c’est toute une sociologie des émotions, des identités et des engagements contemporains qui se donne à voir.

Une sociologie des Swifties

Contrairement aux représentations médiatiques qui réduisent souvent les fans de Taylor Swift à des adolescentes exaltées, l’enquête montre une réalité bien plus nuancée. Du point de vue de l’âge, les Swifties qui ont répondu à mon enquête se situent majoritairement dans le jeune âge adulte : près de la moitié ont entre 18 et 34 ans, mais plus d’un tiers ont plus de 35 ans, attestant d’un attachement durable à l’artiste bien au-delà de l’adolescence.

Le genre constitue un marqueur central de ce fandom (de ce groupe de fans). Les femmes représentent près de 80 % des personnes interrogées tandis que les hommes restent minoritaires. L’enquête met aussi en évidence une présence significative de personnes non binaires ou transgenres, proportionnellement bien plus élevée que dans la population générale (5 %). L’identité sexuelle apparaît également comme un facteur structurant de la fanité : plus d’un quart des fans ayant participé à l’enquête se déclarent lesbiennes, gays, bisexuel·les ou queer. Ces chiffres confirment que l’univers de Taylor Swift constitue un espace d’identification particulièrement fort pour les minorités sexuelles et de genre (on nomme le fandom gay de Taylor le « Gaylord ».

Aimer Taylor Swift ne relève donc pas d’un simple goût musical, mais d’une pratique culturelle située, marquée par des expériences sociales, genrées et biographiques spécifiques.

Créer du lien grâce à Taylor Swift : sociabilités et communautés

Être fan de Taylor Swift, ce n’est pas seulement écouter de la musique : c’est aussi créer du lien. L’enquête montre que la communauté Swiftie fonctionne comme un véritable espace de sociabilité. Plus de 60 % des répondantes et répondants déclarent avoir noué des amitiés grâce à leur intérêt commun pour Taylor Swift, que ce soit en ligne, lors de concerts ou dans des contextes du quotidien.

Ces rencontres prennent des formes multiples : échanges sur les réseaux sociaux, discussions autour des paroles, participation à des événements collectifs ou rituels devenus emblématiques, comme l’échange de bracelets d’amitié. Les liens décrits sont souvent durables et émotionnellement investis, dépassant le simple cadre du fandom.

Cette sociabilité repose sur une grammaire affective partagée. Les chansons servent de supports à la discussion, à la confidence et parfois à l’entraide. Loin d’un fandom nécessairement conflictuel ou « toxique », les Swifties qui ont participé à l’enquête évoquent majoritairement des normes de bienveillance et de soutien mutuel, souvent attribuées à l’image publique et aux discours portés par l’artiste elle-même.

Une artiste qui accompagne les trajectoires de vie

La relation des fans à Taylor Swift s’inscrit dans le temps long. Plus de la moitié des personnes interrogées se déclarent fans depuis plus de dix ans, et une part importante explique avoir découvert l’artiste à l’adolescence. Cette ancienneté témoigne d’une fidélité rare dans les industries culturelles contemporaines.

Taylor Swift n’est pas seulement écoutée : elle accompagne les parcours de vie. Près de 70 % des fans déclarent que l’artiste occupe une place « importante » ou « très importante » dans leur vie. Pour beaucoup, ses chansons sont associées à des moments clés : ruptures amoureuses, amitiés, périodes de doute, maladies, transitions identitaires ou professionnelles.

Cette centralité s’explique par l’écriture intime et narrative de Taylor Swift, qui permet aux fans de projeter leurs propres expériences dans ses chansons. Le fandom fonctionne ainsi comme une ressource biographique : aimer Taylor Swift, c’est disposer d’un répertoire émotionnel et symbolique pour se raconter et traverser les épreuves du quotidien.

Valeurs, féminisme et engagements : une figure politique ambivalente

Mais pour comprendre les fans de Taylor, on pourra aussi interroger les liens entre ce fandom et valeurs politiques. Les données montrent que les fans de Taylor Swift se situent majoritairement du côté de valeurs progressistes, qu’elles soient environnementales ou féministes. Une large majorité se déclare favorable à l’égalité femmes-hommes, aux droits des personnes LGBTQIA+ et à la lutte contre les discriminations (entre 70 et 80 %).

Ces valeurs influencent directement les attentes vis-à-vis de l’artiste. Près de deux tiers des personnes interrogées estiment que Taylor Swift devrait prendre position publiquement sur certaines causes, notamment féministes ou sociales, même si une minorité défend son droit à la neutralité.

Taylor Swift apparaît ainsi comme une figure politique paradoxale : ni militante au sens classique, ni totalement neutre. Son engagement est perçu comme mesuré, parfois stratégique, mais néanmoins porteur d’effets symboliques forts. L’enquête montre que les fans ne sont pas passifs : ils discutent, critiquent et évaluent les prises de position de l’artiste à l’aune de leurs propres valeurs, révélant la politisation croissante de la culture populaire.

Au terme de cette enquête, une chose apparaît clairement : Taylor Swift elle est un fait social. Son œuvre, ses prises de parole et la communauté qu’elle fédère révèlent des transformations profondes de nos rapports à la culture, à l’intimité et au politique. Étudier Taylor Swift, ce n’est donc pas céder à l’air du temps : c’est prendre au sérieux ce que la pop dit du social, des émotions et des attentes collectives – souvent bien au-delà d’une seule génération.

The Conversation

Arnaud Alessandrin ne travaille pas, ne conseille pas, ne possède pas de parts, ne reçoit pas de fonds d’une organisation qui pourrait tirer profit de cet article, et n’a déclaré aucune autre affiliation que son organisme de recherche.

ref. Qui sont les fans de Taylor Swift ? – https://theconversation.com/qui-sont-les-fans-de-taylor-swift-273968

US exit from the World Health Organization marks a new era in global health policy – here’s what the US, and world, will lose

Source: The Conversation – USA (3) – By Jordan Miller, Teaching Professor of Public Health, Arizona State University

The U.S.-WHO collaboration has been critical in the country’s response to mpox, shown here, as well as Ebola, Marburg, flu and COVID-19. Uma Shankar sharma/Moment via Getty Images

The U.S. departure from the World Health Organization became official in late January 2026, according to the Trump administration – a year after President Donald Trump signed an executive order on inauguration day of his second term declaring that he was doing so. He first stated his intention to do so during his first term in 2020, early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The U.S. severing its ties with the WHO will cause ripple effects that linger for years to come, with widespread implications for public health. The Conversation asked Jordan Miller, a public health professor at Arizona State University, to explain what the U.S. departure means in the short and long term.

Why is the US leaving the WHO?

The Trump administration says it’s unfair that the U.S. contributes more than other nations and cites this as the main reason for leaving. The White House’s official announcement gives the example of China, which – despite having a population three times the size of the U.S. – contributes 90% less than the U.S. does to the WHO.

The Trump administration has also claimed that the WHO’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic was botched and that it lacked accountability and transparency.

The WHO has pushed back on these claims, defending its pandemic response, which recommended masking and physical distancing.

The U.S. does provide a disproportionate amount of funding to the WHO. In 2023, for example, U.S. contributions almost tripled that of the European Commission’s and were roughly 50% more than the second highest donor, Germany. But health experts point out that preventing and responding quickly to public health challenges is far less expensive than dealing with those problems once they’ve taken root and spread.

However, the withdrawal process is complicated, despite the U.S. assertion that it is final. Most countries do not have the ability to withdraw, as that is the way the original agreement to join the WHO was designed. But the U.S. inserted a clause into its agreement with the WHO when it agreed to join, stipulating that the U.S. would have the ability to withdraw, as long as it provided a one-year notice and paid all remaining dues. Though the U.S. gave its notice when Trump took office a year ago, it still owes the WHO about US$260 million in fees for 2024-25. There are complicated questions of international law that remain.

The U.S. has been a dominant force in the WHO, and its absence will have direct and lasting impacts on health systems in the U.S. and other countries.

What does US withdrawal from the WHO mean in the short term?

In short, the U.S. withdrawal weakens public health abroad and at home. The WHO’s priorities include stopping the spread of infectious diseases, stemming antimicrobial resistance, mitigating natural disasters, providing medication and health services to those who need it, and even preventing chronic diseases. So public health challenges, such as infectious diseases, have to be approached at scale because experience shows that coordination across borders is important for success.

The U.S. has been the largest single funder of the WHO, with contributions in the hundreds of millions of dollars annually over the past decade, so its withdrawal will have immediate operational impacts, limiting the WHO’s ability to continue established programs.

As a result of losing such a significant share of its funding, the WHO announced in a recent memo to staff that it plans to cut roughly 2,300 jobs – a quarter of its workforce – by summer 2026. It also plans to downsize 10 of its divisions to four.

In addition to a long history of funding, U.S. experts have worked closely with the WHO to address public health challenges. Successes stemming from this partnership include effectively responding to several Ebola outbreaks, addressing mpox around the world and the Marburg virus outbreak in Rwanda and Ethiopia. Both the Marburg and Ebola viruses have a 50% fatality rate, on average, so containing these diseases before they reached pandemic-level spread was critically important.

The Infectious Diseases Society of America issued a statement in January 2026 describing the move as “a shortsighted and misguided abandonment of our global health commitments,” noting that “global cooperation and communication are critical to keep our own citizens protected because germs do not respect borders.”

Pink and purple-stained light micrograph image of liver cells infected with Ebola virus.
The US has been instrumental in the response to major Ebola outbreaks through its involvement with the WHO. Shown here, Ebola-infected liver cells.
Callista Images/Connect Images via Getty Images

What are the longer-term impacts of US withdrawal?

By withdrawing from the WHO, the U.S. will no longer participate in the organization’s Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System, which has been in operation since 1952. This will seriously compromise the U.S.’s ability to plan and manufacture vaccines to match the predicted flu strains for each coming year.

Annual flu vaccines for the U.S. and globally are developed a year in advance using data that is collected around the world and then analyzed by an international team of experts to predict which strains are likely to be most widespread in the next year. The WHO convenes expert panels twice per year and then makes recommendations on which flu strains to include in each year’s vaccine manufacturing formulation.

While manufacturers will likely still be able to obtain information regarding the WHO’s conclusions, the U.S. will not contribute data in the same way, and American experts will no longer have a role in the process of data analysis. This could lead to problematic differences between WHO recommendations and those coming from U.S. authorities.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that each year in the U.S. millions of people get the flu, hundreds of thousands of Americans are hospitalized and tens of thousands die as a result of influenza. Diminishing the country’s ability to prepare in advance through flu shots will likely mean more hospitalizations and more deaths as a result of the flu.

This is just one example of many of how the U.S.’s departure will affect the country’s readiness to respond to disease threats.

Additionally, the reputational damage done by the U.S. departure cannot be overstated. The U.S. has developed its position as an international leader in public health over many decades as the largest developer and implementer of global health programs.

I believe surrendering this position will diminish the United States’ ability to influence public health strategies internationally, and that is important because global health affects health in the U.S. It will also make it harder to shape a multinational response in the event of another public health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Public health and policy experts predict that China will use this opportunity to strengthen its position and its global influence, stepping into the power vacuum the U.S. creates by withdrawing. China has pledged an additional US$500 million in support of the WHO over the next five years.

As a member of the WHO, the United States has had ready access to a vast amount of data collected by the WHO and its members. While most data the WHO obtains is ultimately made available to the public, member nations have greater access to detailed information about collection methods and gain access sooner, as new threats are emerging.

Delays in access to data could hamstring the country’s ability to respond in the event of the next infectious disease outbreak.

Could the US return under a new president?

In short, yes. The WHO has clearly signaled its desire to continue to engage with the U.S., saying it “regrets the U.S. decision to withdraw” and hopes the U.S. will reconsider its decision to leave.

In the meantime, individual states have the opportunity to participate. In late January, California announced it will join the WHO’s Global Outbreak Alert & Response Network, which is open to a broader array of participants than just WHO member nations. California was also a founding member of the West Coast Health Alliance, which now includes 14 U.S. states that have agreed to work together to address public health challenges.

California Gov. Gavin Newsom has also launched an initiative designed to improve public health infrastructure and build trust. He enlisted national public health leaders for this effort, including former Centers for Disease Control and Prevention leaders Susan Monarez and Deb Houry, as well as Katelyn Jetelina, who became well known as Your Local Epidemiologist during the COVID-19 pandemic.

I think we will continue to see innovative efforts like these emerging, as political and public health leaders work to fill the vacuum being created by the Trump administration’s disinvestment in public health.

The Conversation

Jordan Miller does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

ref. US exit from the World Health Organization marks a new era in global health policy – here’s what the US, and world, will lose – https://theconversation.com/us-exit-from-the-world-health-organization-marks-a-new-era-in-global-health-policy-heres-what-the-us-and-world-will-lose-274277

Funny, tender, goofy – Catherine O’Hara lit up the screen every time she showed up

Source: The Conversation – Global Perspectives – By Ben McCann, Associate Professor of French Studies, Adelaide University

Catherine O’Hara, the beloved actor and comedian who has died aged 71, occupied that rare position in contemporary screen culture: a comic actor, a cult figure and a mainstream star.

Her work spanned more than 50 years, from improv sketch comedy to Hollywood features and off-beat TV classics.

She was celebrated for her unmatched comic timing and chameleon-like character work. Her roles were often absurdist and quirky, but they hid a razor-sharp humour.

Born and raised in Toronto in a close-knit Irish Catholic family, O’Hara was one of seven siblings. She once remarked humour was part of her everyday life; storytelling, impressions and lively conversation helped hone her comedic instincts.

After high school, she worked at Toronto’s Second City Theatre, a famed breeding ground for comedy talent, and sharpened her deadpan improvisational skills.

Big break

O’Hara’s break came with Second City Television (SCTV), a sketch comedy series that rivalled Saturday Night Live in creativity and influence. Alongside contemporaries Eugene Levy, John Candy, Rick Moranis and Martin Short, she defined her distinctly smart, absurdist comedic voice.

O’Hara was not merely a performer on SCTV; she was also a writer, winning an Emmy Award for her contributions. This dual role shaped her career-long sensitivity to rhythm, language and character construction.

Unlike sketch performers who rely on repetition or catchphrases, O’Hara’s humour emerged with a different comedic logic. Audiences laughed not because the character was “funny”, but because the character took herself so seriously.

Though briefly cast on Saturday Night Live in the early 1980s, O’Hara chose to stay with SCTV when it was renewed, a decision she later described as key in letting her creative career flourish where it belonged.

The transition to film

By the mid-1980s, O’Hara was establishing herself as a screen presence. She appeared in Martin Scorsese’s offbeat black comedy After Hours (1985), and showcased her comic range in Heartburn (1986).

In 1988, she landed what would become one of her most beloved film roles: Delia Deetz in Tim Burton’s left-field Beetlejuice (1988).

Delia – a pretentious, New York art-scene social climber – allowed O’Hara to combine physical comedy and imbecilic dialogue (“A little gasoline … blowtorch … no problem”).

Burton once noted

Catherine’s so good, maybe too good. She works on levels that people don’t even know. I think she scares people because she operates at such high levels.

She went on to play Kate McCallister, the beleaguered mother in the holiday blockbusters Home Alone (1990) and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992). Audiences loved the fact that this rather thinly written role became the films’ beating heart.

Working with Christopher Guest

Another distinctive phase of O’Hara’s career was her work with writer-director Christopher Guest on a series of largely improvised mockumentaries that have become cult classics.

Three standouts were Waiting for Guffman (1996), where she plays a desperate local performer in a small-town theatre troupe, and A Mighty Wind (2003), where she teamed up with old pal Levy as an ageing folk duo.

Her best turn came in Best in Show (2000), in which she and Levy played a couple competing in a national dog show. Her character Cookie Fleck remains one of the finest examples of improvised comedy on film.

Her relentless monologues about former lovers are objectively inappropriate, yet O’Hara delivers them with such earnest enthusiasm that they become strangely compelling.

Her gift for improvisation glittered in these films: these eccentric characters were often laugh-out-loud funny – but O’Hara never mocked them.

Late success

She returned to TV in Six Feet Under (2001–05) and guest appearances on The Larry Sanders Show (1992–98) and Curb Your Enthusiasm (1999–2024). More recently, she appeared in prestige shows such as The Last of Us (2023–) and The Studio (2025–).

But it was the role of Moira Rose, the eccentric, ex-soap opera star in the Canadian sitcom Schitt’s Creek (2015–20), created by Eugene Levy and his son Dan, that would become O’Hara’s most significant late career move. And what a role it was!

Written for O’Hara’s unique talents, Moira was a larger-than-life character with a bizarre, unforgettable vocabulary, dramatic mood swings and a wardrobe that became nearly as famous as the character herself.

Feminist media scholars have noted the rarity of such complex roles for older women, particularly in comedy, making O’Hara’s performance culturally significant.

The show became a global streaming blockbuster during COVID lockdowns and O’Hara’s multi-award-winning performance became a social media phenomenon, spawning memes and viral clips.

There are so many standout moments – her drunken meltdown after losing her wigs, her audition for The Crows Have Eyes 3 and the show’s moving finale where she performs Danny Boy at Alexis’s graduation.

An enduring legacy

O’Hara had a remarkable ability to play flamboyant, self-absorbed characters who were often uproariously funny.

Many comedians and actors have cited O’Hara as an influence for her fearlessness, her ability to blend absurdity with emotional truth, and her steadfast commitment to character integrity. She influenced performers like Tina Fey, Maya Rudolph, Kate McKinnon and Phoebe Waller-Bridge.

O’Hara also refused to chase conventional stardom. Rather than choosing projects designed to flatten her eccentricities, O’Hara favoured collaborative environments that valued creativity over control.

For her, comedy was always an art of intelligence, empathy and generosity.

The Conversation

Ben McCann does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

ref. Funny, tender, goofy – Catherine O’Hara lit up the screen every time she showed up – https://theconversation.com/funny-tender-goofy-catherine-ohara-lit-up-the-screen-every-time-she-showed-up-274816

Quelle est la véritable situation financière des universités françaises ?

Source: The Conversation – France (in French) – By Laurent Mériade, Professeur des universités en sciences de gestion – Agrégé des facultés – IAE – CleRMa, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

De nombreuses universités lancent l’alerte sur leurs difficultés financières. Pourtant, si l’on se réfère aux critères officiels fixés par un décret de soutenabilité mis en place en 2024, la situation semble beaucoup moins préoccupante. Qu’est-ce qui se cache réellement derrière ces nouveaux critères ? Dans quelle mesure nous informent-ils vraiment sur la situation financière des universités ?


En 2024, on dénombrait 60 universités françaises présentant de potentielles difficultés financières (principalement déficitaires). En 2025, alors que 80 % des universités présentent encore des budgets déficitaires et que les universités appellent au secours, officiellement, on ne compterait plus que 12 universités en difficulté. Par quel miracle, en moins d’un an, la situation financière des universités françaises a-t-elle pu se redresser de la sorte ?

La réponse à cette interrogation se trouve dans un décret de soutenabilité financière (n° 2024-1108) du 2 décembre 2024 qui modifie les critères d’évaluation des difficultés financières des universités. Ce décret introduit des indicateurs de soutenabilité financière qui considèrent qu’une université déficitaire (même depuis plusieurs années) n’est plus en difficulté financière. Elle ne l’est que si elle dépasse un seuil minimum de trésorerie (argent détenu sur le compte bancaire au Trésor public), de fonds de roulement (réserve d’argent détenue pour faire face à des dépenses programmées ou imprévues) et un seuil maximum de charges de personnel (rémunérations et cotisations sociales).

En réalité, l’introduction de ces trois nouveaux indicateurs (ou ratios) relâche certaines contraintes budgétaires des universités pour les forcer à utiliser massivement leurs réserves (trésorerie et fonds de roulement), comme cela est également demandé à de nombreux opérateurs de l’État dans le budget 2026 en cours de vote au Parlement.

Cependant, pour les universités, ces réserves ne sont souvent que très partiellement disponibles, car déjà pré-engagées pour financer des investissements à long terme, des contrats de recherche, de maintenance, de fourniture ou certains éléments de rémunérations (primes, promotions ou évolution programmée des salaires).

Décryptons ces nouveaux indicateurs. Ne créent-ils pas surtout une illusion, rendant plus présentable la situation financière des universités et plus acceptable le désengagement progressif de l’État ?

De nouvelles méthodes de calcul

Comme dans d’autres domaines, le diable se cache dans le détail des méthodes de calcul de ces indicateurs.

Selon ce nouveau décret, en fin d’année civile, la trésorerie et le fonds de roulement (FdR) d’une université doivent être respectivement supérieurs à 30 jours et à 15 jours de fonctionnement en crédits de paiement hors investissement. Ces deux premiers ratios sont calculés de la manière suivante :


Fourni par l’auteur

Le numérateur de ces ratios intègre la trésorerie ou le fonds de roulement générés par les ressources d’investissement. En revanche, le dénominateur ne prend pas en compte les dépenses d’investissement autorisées au cours de l’année (crédits de paiement).

Ce mode de calcul ne respecte pas une règle élémentaire de calcul des ratios de gestion financière qui impose d’utiliser un périmètre de calcul identique pour le numérateur et le dénominateur. Ici le numérateur comprend les investissements et le dénominateur est calculé hors investissement, ce qui augmente artificiellement la valeur du ratio et permet, artificiellement aussi, de dépasser les seuils minimums requis.

Un changement de périmètre budgétaire

Pour permettre le calcul de ces nouveaux indicateurs, le nouveau décret financier a redéfini le périmètre du budget de l’établissement, dénommé désormais « budget » et qui agrège le budget principal (en personnel, fonctionnement et investissement) et les budgets annexes (dont le budget annexe immobilier pour les universités qui en disposent) (article R. 719-52).

Ce changement ne permet plus de différencier, pour le calcul de ces indicateurs, les trésoreries et fonds de roulement réellement disponibles (pour payer le personnel et le fonctionnement) de ceux pré-engagés dans des opérations particulières (investissements, contrats de recherche notamment). En recalculant ces ratios pour la seule partie de trésorerie et fonds de roulement réellement disponibles à partir des informations financières du ministère de l’enseignement supérieur, le nombre de jours de trésorerie est en moyenne divisé par deux et par trois pour celui du fonds de roulement.

Ainsi, une université qui présente officiellement un ratio de trésorerie de 50 jours (donc significativement supérieur au seuil de 30 jours) ne détient probablement que 25 jours de trésorerie réellement disponibles. De même, la même université (ou une autre) qui présenterait un fonds de roulement de 30 jours (donc significativement supérieur au seuil de 15 jours) a toutes les chances de ne détenir seulement qu’environ 10 jours de fonds de roulement de fonctionnement disponible.

Autant dire que juger la santé financière d’une université sur la base du calcul actuel de ces deux ratios relève plus de la « roulette russe » que d’une observation objective et sincère.

Des charges courantes de fonctionnement comme variables d’ajustement

Pour ce qui concerne le troisième ratio financier, c’est moins son calcul qui est contestable (total charges de personnel/produits encaissables), même si les produits encaissables intègrent très majoritairement des ressources rigides et contraintes (subvention pour charges de service public), que celui de son seuil maximum (83 % des produits encaissables, 85 % pour les établissements à dominante sciences humaines et sociales).

Pourquoi 83 % (ou 85 %) ? Et pourquoi pas 70 % ? 75 % ? 80 % ? À titre de comparaison, en 2022, les charges de personnel des universités publiques des 38 pays de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) représentaient en moyenne 66 % de leurs dépenses totales (les universités françaises présentant le taux moyen le plus élevé à environ 77 %).

En fixant ce seuil d’alerte à 83 %, on autorise les universités à consacrer seulement 17 % (voire 15 %) de leurs produits encaissables à des charges de fonctionnement pourtant indispensables à la stabilité et la pérennité des universités (électricité, chauffage, entretien de locaux et du matériel, fournitures et services d’enseignement et de recherche, etc.).

Un calcul de ce ratio par catégories de personnel (enseignant, administratif, technique) à partir des dépenses totales, comme le réalise d’ailleurs l’OCDE, serait probablement plus pertinent et autoriserait des comparaisons internationales.

Un flou sur les difficultés financières réelles des universités

Finalement, l’ensemble de ces approximations ou insuffisances calculatoires peut soit donner une impression d’amateurisme dans le contrôle financier des universités françaises, soit, plus assurément, le sentiment d’une volonté de dissimulation de la réalité des difficultés financières tout en rendant les universités toujours plus comptables de celles-ci.

Un récent rapport d’information du Sénat de 2025 reconnaissait que la seule lecture des budgets et des indicateurs de soutenabilité financière des universités ne permet pas de faire le lien entre les données budgétaires des établissements et leurs activités.

À court terme, les fonds de roulement et trésoreries des universités n’étant pas des puits sans fond, il est probable qu’un grand nombre d’universités ne soit plus en mesure, très rapidement, d’assumer des engagements financiers récurrents (entretien des locaux et matériels, paiement des rémunérations, accueil physique de tous les étudiants).

À moyen terme, c’est la réalisation des principales missions de service public des universités (développement de l’accès à l’enseignement supérieur, réussite des étudiants, augmentation de leur employabilité, renforcement de la cohésion sociale et territoriale, développement de la recherche) qui sera profondément remise en cause.

The Conversation

Laurent Mériade ne travaille pas, ne conseille pas, ne possède pas de parts, ne reçoit pas de fonds d’une organisation qui pourrait tirer profit de cet article, et n’a déclaré aucune autre affiliation que son organisme de recherche.

ref. Quelle est la véritable situation financière des universités françaises ? – https://theconversation.com/quelle-est-la-veritable-situation-financiere-des-universites-francaises-273042

Silver and gold hit record highs – then crashed. Before joining the rush, you need to know this

Source: The Conversation – Global Perspectives – By Angel Zhong, Professor of Finance, RMIT University

Zlaťáky.cz/Pexels, CC BY

The start of 2026 has seen gold and silver surge to record highs – only to crash on Friday.

Gold prices peaked above US$5,500 (A$7,900) per ounce for the first time on Thursday, well above previous highs. But by the end of Friday, it had dropped to around US$5068 (A$7,282).

Silver had been making gains even faster than gold. It hit more than US$120 (A$172) per ounce last week, marking one of its strongest runs in decades, before crashing on Friday to US$98.50 (A$141.50).

So what’s behind those surges and falls? And what should everyday investors know about the risks of investing in precious metals right now?

Why gold has been hitting new highs

Gold is the classic safe haven: an asset people buy to protect their savings when worried about financial risks.

With international political tensions rising, trade war threats, shifting signals about where interest rates are heading and a potential changing world order, investors are seeking assets that feel stable when everything else looks shaky.

Friday’s crash in gold and silver was sparked by financial markets reacting to early news of Donald Trump’s nomination of Kevin Warsh as chair of the US Federal Reserve. The US central bank plays a key role in global financial stability.

Central banks around the world have been buying gold at a rapid pace, reinforcing its reputation as a place to park value during periods of uncertainty.

But it’s not just big institutions moving the market. In Australia and overseas, retail investors – individuals buying and selling smaller amounts for themselves – have played a part too.

Those individuals have been increasingly treating gold, silver and other precious metals as a hedge against so much uncertainty, as well as a momentum play – trying to buy in to keep up with others.

As prices have trended upward, more everyday investors have bought in, especially through gold exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which make it simple to gain exposure without storing physical gold bullion.




Read more:
The price of gold is skyrocketing. Why is this, and will it continue?


What’s been driving silver’s surge

While gold was grabbing headlines for much of 2025, silver has been the real showstopper. Before Friday’s fall, the metal had surged more than 60% in just the past month, far outpacing gold’s still impressive run of around 30%.

Unlike gold, silver has a split personality. Industrial uses are driving up demand for silver. It’s critical for clean energy technologies including solar panels, electric vehicles (EVs), and semiconductors.

This dual appeal – as a safe haven, but also as an in-demand industrial commodity – is drawing investors who see multiple reasons for prices to keep climbing.

Every solar panel contains about 20 grams of silver. The solar industry consumes nearly 30% of total global demand for silver.

EVs also use 25–50 grams each, and AI data centres need silver for semiconductors.

The kicker? The silver market has run a supply deficit for five consecutive years. We’re consuming more than we’re mining, and most silver comes as a byproduct of other metals. You can’t simply open more silver mines.

Individual buyers have piled into silver

One of Australia’s most popular online investment platforms for retail investors is CommSec, with around 3 million customers.

Bloomberg tracking of CommSec trades shows how much retail purchases of silver ETFs in particular have spiked higher in the past year.

Over the past year, gold ETF trades on CommSec grew 47%, with cumulative net buying reaching A$158 million. That reflects gold’s established role in portfolios.

Yet despite attracting slightly lower total investment overall at A$104 million, silver trading activity exploded by far more: it’s been 1,000% higher than the year before.

This means retail investors made far more frequent, smaller trades in silver. This is classic momentum-chasing behaviour, as everyday investors piled into an asset showing dramatic price gains.

The pattern is unmistakable: while gold remains the anchor, silver has become the speculative play.

Its lower per-ounce price, industrial demand narrative, and social media buzz make it particularly accessible to retail investors seeking exposure to the precious metals rally, at a much lower price than gold.

The risks every investor needs to know

The data shows Australian retail investors have been buying as prices rise. But this “fear of missing out” approach comes with serious risks.

Volatility cuts both ways. From February 2025 to just before Friday’s sharp drop, the price of silver had surged 269%. But even before that fall, silver’s spectacular gain had come with 36% “annualised volatility” (which measures how much a stock price varies over one year). That was nearly double gold’s 20% volatility over the same period.

What does that mean in practice? As we’ve just seen, what goes up fast can come down quickly too.

Buying high is dangerous. When retail investors pile in after major price increases, they often end up buying near the top. Professional investors and central banks have been accumulating gold and silver for years, at much lower prices.

No income, higher risk. Unlike shares or bonds, metals don’t pay dividends or interest. Your entire return depends on prices rising further from already elevated levels. And as the past few days have shown, the potential for sharp drawdowns is substantial.

Keep it modest. Financial advisers typically recommend precious metals comprise 5–15% of a diversified portfolio. After such extraordinary price volatility, that guideline matters more than ever.


Disclaimer: This article provides general information only and is not intended as financial advice. All investments carry risk.

The Conversation

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

ref. Silver and gold hit record highs – then crashed. Before joining the rush, you need to know this – https://theconversation.com/silver-and-gold-hit-record-highs-then-crashed-before-joining-the-rush-you-need-to-know-this-274622

3 things to know about Kevin Warsh, Trump’s nod for Fed chair

Source: The Conversation – USA (2) – By D. Brian Blank, Associate Professor of Finance, Mississippi State University

Kevin Warsh has been tapped by Donald Trump to lead the Federal Reserve. AP Photo/Alastair Grant

After months of speculation, President Donald Trump nominated Kevin Warsh on Jan. 30, 2026, to be the next chair of the Federal Reserve.

If confirmed by Congress, Warsh will inherit leadership of the U.S. central bank at a delicate time. For months, current Fed Chair Jerome Powell has come under attack from the Trump administration for failing to heed the president’s call for lower interest rates. The fight has put into question the central bank’s independence and its role in stewarding the economy.

Powell’s term as chair will end in mid-May, leaving his successor to navigate an economy that has improved on some fronts but remains uneven and uncertain.

But what should America expect from the next Fed chair? Here are three things to note about Trump’s nominee.

1. He is a familiar face …

Warsh brings deep experience with monetary policymaking to the role.

A graduate of Stanford University and Harvard Law School, he served as special assistant to the president for economic policy and executive secretary of the White House National Economic Council under President George W. Bush before becoming one of the youngest members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors.

Warsh is no newcomer to discussions about Federal Reserve leadership. He was a finalist for the job in 2017, when Trump instead appointed Powell. Trump has since stated that he made a mistake by not selecting Warsh then – though clashes between Trump and Powell may have influenced that view.

Two men in suits walk outside.
Fed Chair Jerome Powell increasingly found himself out of step with Donald Trump’s wishes.
AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais

Warsh’s credentials are unquestionable. As a governor of the Federal Reserve Board from 2006 to 2011, he worked closely with other policymakers and with Wall Street during the global financial crisis of 2008. Since departing the Fed, he has returned to Stanford as a visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution and a lecturer at the Graduate School of Business, as well as a member of the Panel of Economic Advisers of the Congressional Budget Office.

He also has ties to the finance industry. He began his career in mergers and acquisitions at Morgan Stanley and, since leaving the Fed, has worked as a partner at Duquesne Family Office, an investment firm that manages the personal wealth of hedge fund manager Stanley Druckenmiller and other investors.

In 2016, Trump included Warsh in an economic advisory group assembled during his transition. Critics of Warsh’s nomination point toward his father-in-law, Ronald Lauder, a college friend and donor of the president, as evidence of politicization.

2. … with evolving monetary views

The big question people have is what a Warsh Fed would mean for monetary policy – that is, is it likely to play tight or loose with rates.

When the economy is growing quickly, like in 2021, the Federal Reserve tightens policy by raising interest rates to avoid the kind of economic growth that may not be sustainable long term and can lead to bubbles. However, during downturns, like in 2008 or 2020, the economic policy that can provide a backstop for the economy is looser. The Fed tends to lower rates in these situations, which supports growth.

Warsh’s views on monetary policy have long been considered hawkish, meaning he is inclined toward tighter policy and generally higher interest rates to keep inflation in check, even at the expense of slower economic growth. During his previous tenure at the Fed, he signaled concern about expansive monetary tools such as quantitative easing, in which the central bank buys Treasurys and other securities to stimulate the economy. This resulted in what Warsh called a “bloated” Fed balance sheet that held almost US$9 trillion of debt at its peak in 2022.

In recent public remarks leading up to his nomination, however, he has increasingly aligned in part with Trump’s push for lower interest rates and discussed establishing a new Treasury-Fed Accord, like in 1951, when Fed independence from fiscal authorities such as the Treasury Department was established.

3. His nod highlights fight over Fed independence

A central question surrounding this nomination is whether it promotes the politicization of the Federal Reserve.

The Fed’s independence from day-to-day political pressure has long been viewed as a cornerstone of U.S. economic policymaking. Decisions about interest rates, inflation control and financial stability are insulated from electoral politics for that reason. A truly independent Fed can resist making decisions that provide a short-term economic bump – something incumbent governments tend to like – but may lead to longer-term economic pain down the road.

The Fed tends to use its monetary policy tools carefully. Yet politicians tend to want looser monetary policy so the economy grows fast and they get credit for it.

And Warsh’s nomination can be seen in the context of a broader push from the executive branch to exert greater influence over monetary policy. Given Trump’s public criticism of Powell and vocal calls for his early departure, the president almost certainly intended to nominate someone who would lower interest rates according to preferences stated by the administration.

Critics of the nomination have argued that Warsh has a tendency to be more opportunistic with his policy views than Powell and other economists, who try to ignore political preferences.

As such, Warsh’s nomination encapsulates more than just a leadership transition. It highlights the ongoing tensions between political priorities and the traditional economic playbook, between short-term growth pressures and long-term stability, and between institutional independence and democratic accountability.

Time will tell whether he turns out to be hawkish or politically motivated as chair, if he is confirmed.

The Conversation

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

ref. 3 things to know about Kevin Warsh, Trump’s nod for Fed chair – https://theconversation.com/3-things-to-know-about-kevin-warsh-trumps-nod-for-fed-chair-274781