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December 1, 2025

News influencers are reshaping the media – insights from Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa

Source: The Conversation – Global Perspectives – By Amy Ross Arguedas, Postdoctoral Researcher Fellow, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford, University of Oxford

News creators and influencers have become increasingly important sources of news as more people turn to social media and video networks like Facebook and YouTube to inform themselves. By news creators, we mean individuals who create and distribute content mainly through social and video networks and have some impact on public debates around news and current affairs.

While traditional news outlets and journalists still tend to dominate attention for news on legacy platforms like Facebook, data from our Digital News Report 2025 show that news organisations face growing competition from creators on other platforms, especially on newer video-heavy networks.

In South Africa, for example, Facebook, YouTube and X users still pay more attention to traditional news media and journalists than news creators and influencers. But traditional media are now overshadowed by creators and personalities on Instagram (59%) and TikTok (52%).

This shift has not gone unnoticed. In some parts of the world, politicians are routinely adding news creators to their media strategies. Major news brands like CNN and the Washington Post have launched creator collectives or networks. These generate content for young people that’s personality-driven and platform-native (consumed within social media platforms rather than on news websites).

But what kinds of news creators are audiences paying attention to? And how does their role vary across countries?

We tackle these questions in our study published with colleagues at the University of Oxford’s Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. We map out news creators and influencers across 24 countries, including three African markets: Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa.

The analysis allowed us to develop an emerging categorisation of news creators, where we describe what they are offering audiences and how this impacts news organisations. It also enabled us to identify countries where influencers are having the biggest (and smallest) impact as well as some of the most important individuals.

Types of news creators

We approached the issue from the perspective of audiences, using data from two online surveys fielded in 2024 and 2025. We analysed responses to open questions where we asked people to name news brands and individuals they paid attention to on social media.

We then compiled lists of the 15 most mentioned individuals in each country and categorised creators based on their approach to news.

We found that the most mentioned news creators centre on commentary, many pushing partisan messages that are often more opinionated than commentary on traditional media, much of it from the political right.

Another subset focus on news and investigation. Creators and citizen journalists sometimes pioneer open-source approaches and address matters of public interest neglected by mainstream media.

Another group of social savvy creators focus on explaining the news. They often reach young audiences that traditional media struggle to engage.

Lastly, specialists, many of whom left traditional media, tend to go in-depth on specific niche topics through their YouTube channels, podcasts or Substacks.

We also identified four categories of news-adjacent creators with content focused on comedy, infotainment, gaming or music, and lifestyle, often with even bigger audiences, who can have a significant impact on public debates. In practice, these categories are blurry. Many individual creators combine different approaches or change over time.

Three key findings

1. Creators are making a bigger impact in some countries than others. Audiences are paying more attention to news creators in African countries, as well as many Asian and Latin American markets and the US. This is partly due to higher use of social media overall but is also shaped by factors that include cultural differences, market size, and the strength or weakness of traditional media. In contrast, creators are playing a smaller role in many North European countries and Japan.

2. Prominent news creators tend to be men. This gender imbalance is clear when analysing the most mentioned individuals across the 24 markets, where 85% are men. This is true in the African countries as well: 12/15 of the most mentioned individuals in Kenya, 13/15 in Nigeria and 14/15 in South Africa are men. The difference is especially pronounced in category of political commentary.

3. YouTube is the most important platform for creators. However, there are some country differences. Facebook is still an important news platform in Kenya and Asia. X is particularly important in South Africa, Nigeria, the US and Japan, and is still the main platform for following politicians. Instagram is widely used for political content in places like Brazil and is often the network of choice for lifestyle and infotainment content.

Take-aways from African markets

Keep in mind that since we rely on an online survey, our South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria data are representative of younger English speakers and not the national population. (Read full country profiles here.)

Kenya: Kenya has a lively creator scene, but when it comes to news, anchors from TV stations (like Larry Madowo from CNN and Lulu Hassan from Citizen TV) top Kenya’s most mentioned list.

Several independent creators such as former Tuko News host Lynn Ngugi, Oga Obinna, and The News Guy are also reaching audiences with personal stories, candid interviews, and breaking news. Entertainment and celebrity news is a key characteristic of the Kenyan market, where Edgar Obare is notorious for spilling celebrity tea, alongside the Nairobi Gossip Club on Instagram.

Nigeria: In Nigeria, activists, well-known TV/radio hosts, and entertainment influencers or accounts are prominent. While broadcasters remain key sources of information, in some cases influencers and citizen journalists are now breaking stories ahead of mainstream media.

By far the most mentioned individual in Nigeria, VeryDarkMan is an outspoken creator and activist whose posts often show him leading protests. Other activists like Aisha Yesufu and Dan Bello also amass mentions. Beyond politics, creators like Linda Ikeji and the popular Instablog9ja are known for posting entertainment and celebrity news, mainly on Instagram.

South Africa: The number of home-grown news creators in the South African list is smaller than in many other countries. South African-born US-based businessman Elon Musk and comedian Trevor Noah feature prominently alongside TikTok star Dylan Page, who spent much of his childhood in the country.

International YouTubers and podcasters like Joe Rogan, Candace Owens and Tucker Carlson are also popular with the survey sample. MacG, host of South Africa’s most popular podcast, is the most mentioned individual, known for candid interviews but also criticised for promoting harmful narratives.

Fragmented news sources

Our findings highlight how messy, fragmented and loosely defined news sources have become as many inform themselves on a variety of platforms.

We find a rich range of news creators (though mostly male) offering a wide array of content that is often creative, engaging and informative. It sometimes fills voids left by news organisations, and is often distant from their conventions – not always to be taken on trust.

Their impact tends to be more strongly felt in populous countries where traditional media are under pressure. While some complement or rely on traditional news media, they also pose a growing source of competition, especially among young audiences that are already reluctant to go to news websites and apps.

How this creator space ultimately plays out will partly depend on the role platforms play in promoting valuable and useful content, the development of business models to support these creators, and the ongoing interest of audiences.

The Digital News Report/Reuters Institute received funding in 2025 from the Google News Initiative, BBC News, Ofcom, the Coimisiún na Meán in Ireland, the Dutch Media Authority (CvdM), the Media Industry Research Foundation of Finland, the Fritt Ord Foundation, Code for Africa, the Korea Press Foundation, Edelman UK, NHK, Reuters News Agency, Ringier, and YouTube, as well as our academic sponsors at the Leibniz Institute for Media Research/ Hans Bredow Institute, the University of Navarra, Spain, the University of Canberra, Australia, the Centre d’études sur les médias, Québec, Canada, and Roskilde University, Denmark. Fundación Gabo supports the translation of the report into Spanish.

– ref. News influencers are reshaping the media – insights from Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa – https://theconversation.com/news-influencers-are-reshaping-the-media-insights-from-kenya-nigeria-and-south-africa-270311

December 1, 2025

What charges does Benjamin Netanyahu face, and what’s at stake if he is granted a pardon?

Source: The Conversation – Global Perspectives – By Michelle Burgis-Kasthala, Professor of International Law, La Trobe University

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has requested a pardon in his long-running corruption trial – a move that has set off alarm bells among his critics that he’s trying to circumvent the rule of law.

In a video message, Netanyahu says Israel’s current “security and political” situation makes it impossible for him to appear in court several times a week.

His request for a pardon from Israel’s president is just the latest twist in a case that has dragged on for years. It could have significant implications for Israel’s legal system – and Netanyahu’s political future, with elections due next year.

What charges does he face?

Netanyahu is indisputably the most important political figure of modern Israeli politics. He was first elected prime minister in 1996 and is now in his sixth term.

He has been indicted on charges of bribery, fraud and breach of trust, related to investigations that date back to 2016. There are three cases now known by numbers – Case 1,000, Case 2,000 and Case 4,000. The trial began in 2020.

In Case 1,000, Netanyahu is alleged to have received some US$200,000 (A$305,000) worth of gifts, including cigars and champagne, from Hollywood producer Arnon Milchan and Australian billionaire James Packer.

Case 2,000 is related to alleged meetings Netanyahu had with Arnon Mozes, the publisher of the prominent Yediot Ahronot newspaper. Prosecutors say Mozes offered Netanyahu favourable coverage in exchange for restrictions being imposed on one of his rival newspapers.

And the final case, Case 4,000 is related to a communications conglomerate, Bezeq. The attorney-general alleges another reciprocal agreement: Netanyahu would be portrayed positively on the online platform, it’s alleged, in exchange for him supporting regulatory changes that would benefit Bezeq’s controlling shareholder.

Netanyahu has consistently denied any wrongdoing in the cases, saying he’s a victim of a “witch hunt”. In 2021, he characterised the charges as “fabricated and ludicorous”. When he took the stand in 2024, he said:

These investigations were born of sin. There was no offence, so they found an offence.

Experts have pointed out that a pardon can only be given once someone’s been convicted of a crime. But Netanyahu is not offering to admit any responsibility or guilt in the case, and he likely never will. He’s simply asking for a pardon, so that he can get on with his job.

Independence of Israel’s judicial system

Since the trial began in 2020, many witnesses have testified in the case, including some former Netanyahu aides who entered into plea bargains and became state witnesses. So, there’s been some pretty damning material brought against Netanyahu.

But he’s been extremely savvy and politically intelligent to use other issues – particularly the Gaza war – at every opportunity to try to postpone or interrupt the proceedings.

And after the Hamas attacks of October 2023, the number of trial days was limited because of security. According to media reports, Netanyahu has frequently requested his hearings be cancelled due to his handling of the war.

Netanyahu’s supporters don’t seem to have a problem with his request for a pardon, but it is shining a light on broader questions around the independence of the Israeli legal system.

In early 2023, the Netanyahu government put forth plans to overhaul the judicial system, which critics said would weaken the Supreme Court and Israel’s system of checks and balances. Netanyahu wasn’t involved in the effort because the attorney-general said it would be a conflict of interest due to his corruption trial, but other ministers in his cabinet were pushing it.

Massive protests happened on a regular basis throughout Israel in response to this move. Critics saw this as a frontal attack on the basic foundations of the Israeli legal system.

The request for a pardon is now part of this wider story, even though the two issues are not formally linked. Netanyahu’s opponents say it’s yet another indication of him and his coalition having a fundamentally different conception of the rule of law.

Netanyahu’s political survival

This is all about Netanyahu’s personal and political survival. He was re-elected leader of the Likud Party this month and he has declared his intention to run again for prime minister in next year’s elections – and that he expects to win.

The Israeli Basic Law suggests Netanyahu couldn’t run if he’s been convicted of a serious offence, though it’s not clear if he would actually be blocked at this point.

Media reports have suggested Netanyahu wants to move up the elections from November to June in the hopes he’ll be able to secure deals to normalise relations with both Saudi Arabia and Indonesia by then. This fits a pattern of him trying to use foreign policy gains to offset his domestic problems.

With elections coming, he’s now trying every possible manoeuvre to improve his position – and the pardon is just one of them. It’s likely the only option he has now to make the case go away because the trial has gone on for so long and at some point the court will have to make a decision.

Michelle Burgis-Kasthala does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

– ref. What charges does Benjamin Netanyahu face, and what’s at stake if he is granted a pardon? – https://theconversation.com/what-charges-does-benjamin-netanyahu-face-and-whats-at-stake-if-he-is-granted-a-pardon-270970

December 1, 2025

Guinea-Bissau’s military takeover highlights the nation’s sorry history of coups and a deepening crisis across the region

Source: The Conversation – Global Perspectives – By John Joseph Chin, Assistant Teaching Professor of Strategy and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University

Soldiers patrol the streets in Guinea-Bissau on Nov. 26, 2025. Patrick Meinhardt/AFP via Getty Images

Army generals in Guinea-Bissau seized power on Nov. 26, 2025 – the eve of a scheduled official declaration of the winner in the West African nation’s presidential election.

Alleging a destabilization plot by unnamed politicians and drug lords, the military suspended the electoral process and blocked the results of a contest that both the now former president, Umaro Sissoco Embaló, and the opposition candidate had claimed victory in.

General Horta Inta-a, the head of the presidential guard, was subsequently sworn in as “transitional” leader and Ilídio Vieira Té, a close Embaló ally, was appointed prime minister. The timing of the development and Embaló’s connection to the new government figures have led domestic opposition groups and some West African political leaders to claim the coup was staged to facilitate Embaló’s continued rule by proxy.

Whatever the veracity of such claims, the events point to both a deepening regional crisis of democracy and the inability of Guinea-Bissau to escape its coup-prone history. Indeed, as a scholar who has compiled and updated a dataset of coup types and documented their history in Guinea-Bissau since its independence from Portugal in 1974, I believe the country is caught in a classic coup trap whereby poverty and coups d’etat are mutually reinforcing.

The Sahel coup belt keeps expanding

The events in Guinea-Bissau reflect a so-called polycrisis for countries in and around the Sahel belt, sandwiched between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. This region has, since 2020, become the global epicenter of both terrorism and coups – so much so that it is sometimes dubbed the Sahel “coup belt”.

The events in Guinea-Bissau, which is located just south of the Sahel region, represent the 11th successful coup in Africa since 2020 – and the second successful one in 2025 after the military takeover in Madagascar in October following a wave of Gen Z protests.

Indeed, nearly three-quarters of all coup attempts in the world since 2020 have taken place in West Africa or the Sahel. The region accounts for an even higher share of successful coups since 2020. This unprecedented cluster of coups comes in a region that accounts for less than 10% of both Africa’s population and the number of states in the world.

The Sahel region is responsible for around 75% of recent coups

Graph created from the Colpus Dataset.
John Joseph Chin, CC BY-SA

There have been many reasons for the various coups in the Sahel since 2020. Takeovers in Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, for example, were driven in part by growing terrorist insurgencies, Russian disinformation and rising anti-French sentiment.

By contrast, data from the conflict monitoring organization Armed Conflict Location and Event Data, or ACLED, shows very little conflict or protest in Guinea-Bissau leading up to the coup. Instead, events appear to lie in political opportunism in the wake of an election marred by flaws and allegations of illegitimacy.

Guinea-Bissau’s ‘coup trap’

Before the latest military takeover, Guinea-Bissau was already the fourth-most coup-prone state in sub-Saharan Africa, having suffered five failed coup attempts and three successful ones since 1974. Coups toppled the single-party regime of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde in 1980, the authoritarian regime of Kumba Yala in 2003 and overthrew democracy and installed an indirect military regime in 2012. Meanwhile, a failed coup attempt in 1998 sparked the country’s only civil war.

Since 2020, Guinea-Bissau had suffered one bona fide coup attempt, in February 2022, in addition to a mutiny in late 2022 that Embaló condemned as a coup attempt. The coup of November 2025 was itself foreshadowed by an alleged coup plot that was revealed at the end of October, when a number of senior officers were arrested.

All of that suggests a feature of this type of instability: Coups beget more coups. In fact, seven of the nine nations that have suffered successful coups since 2020 had already suffered a successful coup within the previous 20 years.

And whereas nearly 30% of nations with coups since 2005 suffered a coup again between 2020 and 2025, states that lacked a recent coup history – even poor countries in Africa – were much less likely to suffer a coup after 2020.

Coup as a feature, not a bug

Following the 2022 coup attempt in Guinea-Bissau, Embaló had moved to consolidate the government under his leadership and reduce constraints on the executive. Indeed, data on three key dimensions of democracy shows that electoral contestation, voter participation and executive constraints have all declined significantly in Guinea-Bissau since.

The Varieties of Democracy project, which surveys experts to measure different levels of democracy, declared in 2022 that Guinea-Bissau had become an “electoral autocracy” – a term to denote governments that are elected through unfair and fraudulent means and go on to rule in an authoritarian manner.

The nation has continued to slide into autocracy since then.

Embaló used an alleged coup plot in December 2023 as a pretext to dissolve the opposition-dominated legislature. The country has not had a sitting legislature since.

Earlier in 2025, Embaló went back on his promise to step down at the end of his first term and instead announced he was running for a second term. Given that Embaló had barred the main opposition party from running, many feared he might try to steal the election, if necessary, much like Paul Biya is alleged to have done in nearby Cameroon in October 2025.

Not a ‘good coup,‘ but a ‘veto coup’

When asked about recent coups in Africa, Rwandan President Paul Kagame insisted that some coups – those that oppose corruption and bad governance – are “good coups.” Though scholars have debated how frequent so-called good coups have been in Africa, there is little doubt that the recent case better fits the classic pattern of a so-called “veto coup,” meant to prevent the winner of the election from taking office.

Indeed, the presence of prominent Embaló allies in the interim Guinea-Bissau government lends credence to opposition cries of foul play. The new government’s promise of democratic elections in a year should likewise be treated with skepticism. The promised electoral timetable has not been kept in any other recent coup case in the Sahel, where juntas remain entrenched.

As such, even if Guinea-Bissau was becoming increasingly autocratic already, the latest takeover is likely a cure worse than the disease. Whether the international community that has condemned the coup – from the United Nations to the African Union to the Economic Community of West African Nations – is willing or able to take credible steps to help guide Guinea-Bissau back to constitutional rule looks uncertain, given the recent example of other coup-hit nations across the continent.

John Joseph Chin does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

– ref. Guinea-Bissau’s military takeover highlights the nation’s sorry history of coups and a deepening crisis across the region – https://theconversation.com/guinea-bissaus-military-takeover-highlights-the-nations-sorry-history-of-coups-and-a-deepening-crisis-across-the-region-270958

December 1, 2025

‘It’s wanting to know that makes us matter’: how Tom Stoppard made us all philosophers

Source: The Conversation – Global Perspectives – By Fergus Edwards, Lecturer in English, University of Tasmania

Tom Stoppard, who has died at 88, was one of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful playwrights of our age. He won his first Tony Award for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead in 1968, and his last for Leopoldstadt in 2023.

His life was extraordinary. Born Tomáš Straussler in Zlín, Czechoslovakia, in 1937, his Jewish family fled Nazi occupation to India and then England. He chose to become a journalist rather than go to university, and became close friends with Nobel Prize winners, presidents – and Mick Jagger.

The wit and intellectual curiosity of Stoppard’s plays was so distinctive that “Stoppardian” entered the Oxford English Dictionary in 1978. Hermione Lee’s biography of him contains a cartoon with annoyed audience members hissing: “Look at the Jones’s pretending to get all the jokes in a Stoppard play.”

Stoppard just assumed his audience was as well read and inquisitive as he was.

Philosophy is the foundation

As Stoppard said to American theatre critic Mel Gussow in 1974,

most of the propositions I’m interested in have been kidnapped and dressed up by academic philosophy, but they are in fact the kind of proposition that would occur to any intelligent person in his bath.

Philosophy is the foundation of Stoppard’s plays. They cite Aquinas, Aristotle, Ayer, Bentham, Kant, Moore, Plato, Ramsey, Russell, Ryle and Zeno. One philosopher in Stoppard’s radio play Darkside (2013) is never sure if he is spelling Nietzsche correctly.

In 2003, the actor Simon Russell-Beale recalled to a National Theatre audience Stoppard introducing a cast to

2,000 years of philosophy in an hour – it was rather brilliant – just to explain what the debate was and why it was dramatically exciting.

Philosophy – but not before life

Stoppard’s interest in philosophy began in 1968. He wrote to a friend that he was

in a ridiculous philosophylogicmath kick. I don’t know how I got into it, but you should see me […] following Wittgenstein through Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.

The Austro-British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951) had a philosophy of philosophy. He argued lots of academic philosophy was literal nonsense. Some things we think are important are beyond words.

Stoppard saw theatre similarly, saying in a lecture to Canadian students in 1988 that “theatre is a curious equation in which language is merely one of the components”.

Stoppard sitting at a table and smoking a cigarette. — Stoppard as a young playwright in 1972.
Clive Barda/Radio Times/Getty Images

Stoppard wrote philosophers who tie themselves into cerebral knots failing to prove what they want to believe about God, morals or consciousness in plays such as Jumpers (1972), Rock ‘n’ Roll (2006) and The Hard Problem (2015).

One of Stoppard’s philosophers dictates a lecture in Jumpers, saying “to begin at the beginning: is God? (To SECRETARY). Leave a space”.

Stoppard’s plays sympathise with this forlorn desire to know until it leads characters to ignore other people. Action in the world is more important than the search for knowledge if there is a marriage to be saved, a dying wife to be cared for, or an adopted child to be found. Wittgenstein’s Lecture on Ethics is complex – but Stoppard’s plays show it in effect.

What we know, and how

In his TV play Professional Foul (1977), Stoppard sent philosophers to a conference in Prague. Scholarly debate was contained by totalitarian censorship. The professor of ethics at Cambridge University makes his call for action by riffing on Wittgenstein’s Tractatus: “Whereof we cannot speak, thereof we are by no means silent.”

Stoppard also staged lines from Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations in Dogg’s Hamlet, Cahoot’s Macbeth (1979). Some characters speak English, others use the same words but with different meanings. The audience observes and learns this new nonsense language, laughing at its jokes. They understand the philosophy of language as Wittgenstein did: social conventions between people, not words pinned on things.

What we can know, and how, is crucial to Stoppard’s plays even when the immediate subject matter isn’t philosophy.

It might be quantum physics in Hapgood (1988) or chaos theory in Arcadia (1993); European history in The Coast of Utopia (2002) or contemporary politics in Rock ‘n’ Roll; individual consciousness in The Hard Problem or even whatever we might mean by “love” in The Real Thing (1982). The characters really do want to know. They debate and interrogate but never find definite answers.

As Hannah suggests in Arcadia:

It’s all trivial […] Comparing what we’re looking for misses the point. It’s wanting to know that makes us matter. Otherwise we’re going out the way we came in.

But there are jokes too. Arcadia opens in 1809 with a precocious 13-year-old girl asking her dashing 22-year-old tutor: “Septimus, what is carnal embrace?” before the tutor (originally played by a smoldering Rufus Sewell) pauses, and cautiously replies “Carnal embrace is the practice of throwing one’s arms around a side of beef”.

The audience erupted in laughter. I was one of them.

And as the play draws to a close, a waltz in 1809 happens in the same room as a waltz in the present. As the two dancing couples circle each other, Stoppard’s play suggests that what one person can share with another is more meaningful than justified true belief.

It is a beautiful, theatrical moment. And it is beyond words.

Fergus Edwards does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

– ref. ‘It’s wanting to know that makes us matter’: how Tom Stoppard made us all philosophers – https://theconversation.com/its-wanting-to-know-that-makes-us-matter-how-tom-stoppard-made-us-all-philosophers-270952

December 1, 2025

8 ways to drink less during the silly season

Source: Radio New Zealand

“We must have a drink before the end of the year!”

December is a perfect storm for anyone trying to cut back on drinking. Between end-of-year deadlines, work parties, family gatherings and school events, alcohol is suddenly everywhere.

It can make drinking feel not just normal, but expected.

If your aim is to cut back, try alternating each alcoholic drink with something non-alcoholic.

Unsplash

. Having a plan can help.

Some evidence suggests when goals are focused on how you’ll approach something – such as a not-drinking strategy – rather than what you’ll avoid (alcohol), it’s easier to follow through.

So here are some simple strategies, backed by evidence.

1. Make a plan

When making decisions, our brains tend to prioritise immediate goals over long-term ones. Scientists call this “present bias”. This means it’s harder to keep your long-term goal (cutting back on alcohol) in mind when confronted by the chance for immediate gratification (having a drink).

But if you plan when you will and won’t drink in advance, you reduce the need to make this decision in real time – when alcohol is in front of you and your willpower may be lower and you’re more driven by emotion.

Look ahead at your calendar and choose your drinking and non-drinking days deliberately. Committing to the plan ahead of time reduces the chances of opportunistic drinking when social pressure is high.

2. Track your drinks

Tracking when and how much you drink is one of the most effective and well-supported strategies for reducing alcohol use and staying motivated.

You may be surprised how much tracking alone can change your drinking, simply by being more mindful and helping you understand your patterns.

It doesn’t matter how you do it – in an app, a notebook or even on your phone calendar. Writing it down is better than trying to remember. And doing it consistently works best. Aim to record drinks in real time if you can.

There are lots of free, evidence based apps, such Drink Tracker, that can help you track your drinking and drink-free days.

3. Try zero alcohol drinks

For many people, the rise of alcohol-free beer, wine and spirits has made it much easier to enjoy the ritual of drinking at social events, without the intoxication.

But they’re not for everyone – particularly those who find the look, smell and taste of alcohol triggering. Know yourself, see what works, and don’t force it if it’s not helping reach your goals.

4. Slow the pace

If your aim is to cut back, try alternating each alcoholic drink with something non-alcoholic.

Water is best, but zero, low or non-alcoholic drinks can still reduce how much you drink overall – and as a bonus they can also help you stay hydrated, which may reduce the chance of a hangover.

Eating something healthy and filling before and during drinking is also a good idea. It prevents rapid spikes in blood alcohol levels, as well as slowing the absorption of alcohol into your system. This means your body has a better chance of metabolising the alcohol.

Eating well can also help calm the cravings for sugary, fried and salty foods that are often triggered by alcohol.

5. Beware of an all-or-nothing approach

Don’t fall into the “goal violation” trap (sometimes called the abstinence violation effect). That’s the when slipping up makes you abandon your plan altogether.

Maybe someone talks you into “just a splash” – or one drink somehow becomes five – and you tell yourself: “Oh well, I’ve blown it now.”

But a slip is just a slip – it doesn’t mean you have to give up on your goals. You can reset straight away, at the next drink or the next day.

6. Set up accountability

Letting a friend or partner know that you are trying to drink less helps you stay accountable and provides support – even better if they join you.

7. Have responses ready

People may notice you’re not drinking or are drinking less. They may offer you a drink. Try a simple “I’m good” or “I’m pacing myself tonight”. Work out what feels OK to you – you don’t need to give long explanations.

8. Be kind to yourself

When you’re making a big change, it won’t always go smoothly. What matters is how you respond if you slip up. Shame and guilt often lead to more drinking, while self-compassion supports longer-term behaviour change.

Instead of seeing a slip as failure, treat it as information: What made it hard to stick to your goals? What could help next time?

December doesn’t have to derail your goals

Change comes from consistent small steps, even during the busiest month of the year. Focus on developing a relationship with alcohol that you are in control of, not the other way around.

Katinka van de Ven is alcohol and other drug specialist at UNSW Sydney. Nicole Lee is adjunct professor at the National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

November 30, 2025

Israel’s Netanyahu seeks pardon in years-long corruption trial

Source: Radio New Zealand

By Alexander Cornwell, Tamar Uriel-Beeri and Omri Taasan

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu participates in a joint press conference with US President Donald Trump (off frame) in the State Dining Room of the White House in Washington, DC on September 29, 2025. US President Donald Trump said on Monday that Washington was "very close" to securing peace in the Gaza war, after meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and releasing a 20-point peace plan. (Photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS / AFP)

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Photo: AFP / ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has asked the country’s president for a pardon in his long-running corruption trial, arguing that criminal proceedings were hindering his ability to govern and a pardon would be good for Israel.

Netanyahu, the country’s longest-serving prime minister, denies the bribery, fraud, and breach of trust charges. His lawyers said in a letter to the president’s office that the prime minister still believes the legal proceedings would result in a complete acquittal.

“My lawyers sent a request for pardon to the president of the country today. I expect that anyone who wishes for the good of the country support this step,” Netanyahu said in a brief video statement released by his political party, the Likud.

Neither the prime minister, who has been on trial for five years, nor his lawyers made any admission of guilt.

Opposition leader Yair Lapid said Netanyahu should not be pardoned without admitting guilt, expressing remorse, and immediately retiring from political life.

Pardons in Israel have typically been granted only after legal proceedings have concluded and the accused has been convicted. Netanyahu’s lawyers argued that the president can intervene when public interest is at stake, as in this case, with a view to healing divisions and strengthening national unity.

President Isaac Herzog’s office described the request as “extraordinary” with “significant implications”. The president “will responsibly and sincerely consider the request” after receiving relevant opinions, his office said.

US President Donald Trump wrote to Herzog this month, urging him to consider granting the prime minister a pardon, saying the case against him was “a political, unjustified prosecution”.

Herzog’s office said the request would be forwarded to the pardons department in the justice ministry, as is standard practice, to collect opinions, which would be submitted to the president’s legal adviser, who will formulate a recommendation for the president.

Israel’s Justice Minister, Yariv Levin, is a member of Netanyahu’s Likud party and a close ally of the prime minister.

In the letter, Netanyahu’s lawyers argued that criminal proceedings against him had deepened societal divisions and that ending the trial was necessary for national reconciliation. They also wrote that increasingly frequent court hearings were burdensome while the prime minister was attempting to govern.

“I am required to testify three times a week … That is an impossible demand that is not made of any other citizen,” Netanyahu said in the video statement, emphasising that he had received the public’s trust by repeatedly winning elections.

Netanyahu was indicted in 2019 in three separate but related cases that centre around accusations that he granted favours to prominent business figures in exchange for gifts and sympathetic media coverage.

The prime minister has repeatedly denied any wrongdoing.

Coalition allies issued statements supporting Netanyahu’s request for a pardon, including National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir and Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich.

Opposition politician Yair Golan, a former deputy chief of the military, called on the prime minister to resign, urging the president not to grant a pardon.

Netanyahu is one of the country’s most polarising political figures, who was first elected prime minister in 1996. He has since served in government and opposition and returned to the prime minister’s office following the 2022 election.

The next election is due by October 2026, and many polls indicate that his coalition, the most right-wing in Israel’s history, would struggle to win enough seats to form a government.

Throughout his career, Netanyahu has cultivated a reputation for prioritising security and economic issues, but he has also been dogged by the corruption charges. He was prime minister on 7 October 2023, when Hamas launched its attack on Israel, widely regarded as the most traumatic event in the country’s history and the deadliest assault on Jews since the Holocaust.

Since then, he has overseen the devastating war in Gaza, which has killed tens of thousands of Palestinians and levelled much of the territory, drawing broad international criticism and condemnation. Israel has severely weakened Hamas and also Lebanese militant group Hezbollah and this year launched a war against Iran that destroyed critical military infrastructure.

– Reuters

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

November 30, 2025

Calls for accountability over lethal Hong Kong fire silenced

Source: Radio New Zealand

By Holmes Chan

Miles Kwan, a 24-year-old student, speaks to AFP while handing out flyers outside a train station in Hong Kong's Tai Po district on November 28, 2025, following the deadly fire at the Wang Fuk Court residential complex. Local media reported that Kwan was arrested by national security police for sedition on November 29 after starting an online petition with "four key demands", which include an independent probe into the fire. (Photo by Holmes CHAN / AFPTV / AFP)

Miles Kwan. Photo: AFP / HOLMES CHAN

Not long before he was reportedly detained, Miles Kwan approached commuters outside a Hong Kong train station, urging them to demand accountability for the deadly inferno that tore through nearby apartment blocks.

“We all feel unhappy that (Hong Kong) has come to this and we want things to improve,” the 24-year-old student told AFP on Friday while handing out flyers that called for an independent probe into the blaze, which killed at least 146 people this week.

“We need to be frank about how today’s Hong Kong is riddled with holes, inside and out.”

The demands by Kwan and other organisers turned into an online petition that gained more than 10,000 signatures in less than a day.

However, Hong Kong media reported on Saturday night that Kwan was arrested by national security police on suspicion of sedition and the text of the online petition had been deleted, showing how, under Beijing’s watchful eye, dissenting voices in Hong Kong can vanish as quickly as they appear.

Police declined to confirm the arrest on Saturday, saying only that they “will take actions according to actual circumstances and in accordance with the law”.

Thick smoke and flames rise as a major fire engulfs several apartment blocks at Wang Fuk Court in Hong Kong's Tai Po district on November 26, 2025. Four people died after multiple blocks in a Hong Kong residential estate went up in flames on November 26, with local media earlier reporting that some residents were trapped. (Photo by Yan ZHAO / AFP)

Thick smoke and flames rise as a major fire engulfs several apartment blocks at Wang Fuk Court in Hong Kong’s Tai Po district on November 26, 2025. Photo: Yan Zhao / AFP

AFP sought further comment from the police on Sunday, while calls to Kwan went unanswered.

Hong Kong was once home to spirited political activism, but that has faded since Beijing imposed a strict national security law in 2020 following huge pro-democracy protests in the Chinese finance hub.

Kwan was reportedly detained not long after Beijing’s national security arm in Hong Kong publicly condemned “anti-China forces” for exploiting the disaster and “inciting social division and stirring hatred against authorities”.

Asked on Friday if he feared arrest, Kwan said he was only “proposing very basic demands”.

“If these ideas are deemed seditious or ‘crossing the line’, then I feel I can’t predict the consequences of anything anymore, and I can only do what I truly believe.”

Grenfell comparisons

The flyers Kwan and a handful of activists gave out at the train station near the charred residential estate demanded government accountability, an independent probe into possible corruption, proper resettlement for residents and a review of construction oversight.

The demands reflected a belief that the fire was “not an accident” but a man-made disaster, he said.

Authorities have arrested 11 people in connection to the blaze that tore through seven of the eight high-rise blocks of Wang Fuk Court, the world’s deadliest residential building fire since 1980.

Hong Kong has previously used judge-led commissions of inquiry to undertake complex fact-finding exercises in a public forum — a practice left over from British colonial rule.

By contrast, city officials have so far announced only an inter-departmental task force to investigate the blaze.

When Britain was grappling with public fury over the devastating Grenfell Tower fire in 2017, which killed 72 people, the government there announced a public inquiry.

Lawyer Imran Khan, who represented the bereaved and survivors in the inquiry, told AFP “the lessons from Grenfell apply around the world” because all governments need to ensure high-rise residential buildings are safe.

Khan said a public inquiry with court-like powers was a better option for the situation in Hong Kong because “an internal investigation will not get to the truth and there will be no faith in it by the bereaved, survivors and residents”.

Based on his experience with Grenfell residents, he said, “without justice they cannot grieve”.

Many commuters took the flyers at the Hong Kong station on Friday, although few stopped to chat with Kwan or his companions.

A short walk away near the site of the blaze, a long queue snaked through a park as mourners brought flowers and handwritten notes of remembrance.

One unsigned note left on the ground read: “This is not just an accident, it is the evil fruit of an unjust system, which landed on you. It’s not right.”

– AFP

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

November 30, 2025

Sri Lanka flooding: ‘Entire lives swept away in a single night’

Source: Radio New Zealand

People in New Zealand with family in Sri Lanka are describing the widespread devastation caused by severe flooding from Cyclone Ditwah.

The [https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/331910/death-toll-continues-to-rise-half-a-million-displaced-by-sri-lanka-floods extreme weather system has destroyed homes, leaving thousands displaced. A state of emergency has also been declared.

There are also reports that entire villages have been washed away in landslides and many villages have been completely cut off.

Cyclone Ditwah in the Spring Valley area (part of Badulla) in Sri Lanka. Photo: Supplied / Lasitha Buddika

Statistics from the Sri Lanka Disaster Management Centre [DMC] showed 212 people had died and 218 people were missing as of Sunday evening.

Aucklander Sachindra Amarasekara grew up in Sri Lanka and has family in Hanwella near the capital of Colombo.

“They are surrounded by flood water. Fortunately, their house itself has not been severely damaged, but they are in complete isolation.

“And also, the electricity lines are destructed [damaged], leaving them without power, and all internet connections are down due to damage to the service providers.

‘We heard reports that the flooding has affected the main water treatment plant in Colombo at the moment, which means they may soon lose access to drinking water as well, unfortunately.”

Cyclone Ditwah in the Spring Valley area (part of Badulla) in Sri Lanka. Photo: Supplied / Lasitha Buddika

Amarasekara said it is a really hard time for many people.

“I’m very sure many people have seen their entire lives swept away in a single night. There’s a sense of helplessness, that’s what I felt from my father when I last I spoke to him.

“And also most of my friends and families, when I speak to them or when they’re receiving the text messages, I felt like they are quite feeling like hopeless.

“I’m sure many of them are mentally scattered, trying to understand what comes next.”

Cyclone Ditwah in the Spring Valley area (part of Badulla) in Sri Lanka. Photo: Supplied / Lasitha Buddika

Amarasekara said many communities are isolated due to landslides, making it hard to get supplies and rescue teams to some areas.

“All three forces and the police are working really hard to reach the affected areas and get people out, and communities are also stepping to collect dry food and preparing warm meals to distribute.

“Unfortunately, most of the places, they can’t reach still because of the severe landslides, and also, the roads are not there some places and there is still floods going on.

“So many people trapped inside, so many people missing at the moment.” she said.

Cyclone Ditwah in the Spring Valley area (part of Badulla) in Sri Lanka. Photo: Supplied / Lasitha Buddika

She said it is hard to see, as her country had already been through so much recently.

“I feel so sorry for my people because we’re just coming out from the economic crisis and we’re just about to stand on our own feet, and this is the worst we faced so far.

“We have faced wars, we have faced tsunamis, we have faced so many things, we lost so many people along the way.”

Amarasekara said as a nation, the country always comes back stronger but: “This is the very first time in Sri Lanka, I have seen that we are seeking for international help,” she said.

Cyclone Ditwah in the Spring Valley area (part of Badulla) in Sri Lanka. Photo: Supplied / Lasitha Buddika

Samith Hettiarachchi lives in Mulleriyawa, and was told to evacuate, leaving everything behind, and said water would reach up to 20 feet and was rising 1 foot an hour.

Hansana Yaddehige also told RNZ his friends entire village was flooded, causing homes to collapse, power to go out, with no access to water.

Nipun Fernando said it was hard to get access to food.

“There is a shortage of grocery supply due to transportation issues. Devastation is pretty bad.

“Access to some areas totally blocked due to landslides and bridges been damaged. No more rain but as a result of all that rain rivers are overflowing, this is the worst ever flooding in the recent past,” he said.

Cyclone Ditwah in the Spring Valley area (part of Badulla) in Sri Lanka. Photo: Supplied / Lasitha Buddika

The New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade said it is providing consular assistance to a family travelling in Sri Lanka.

There are 200 New Zealanders registered on SafeTravel in Sri Lanka.

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– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

November 30, 2025

The AI bubble isn’t new — Karl Marx explained the mechanisms behind it nearly 150 years ago

Source: The Conversation – Canada – By Elliot Goodell Ugalde, PhD Candidate, Political Economy, Queen’s University, Ontario

When OpenAI’s Sam Altman told reporters in San Francisco earlier this year that the AI sector is in a bubble, the American tech market reacted almost instantly.

Combined with the fact that 95 per cent of AI pilot projects fail, traders treated his remark as a broader warning. Although Altman was referring specifically to private startups rather than publicly traded giants, some appear to have interpreted it as an industry-wide assessment.

Tech billionaire Peter Thiel sold his Nvidia holdings, for instance, while American investor Michael Burry (of The Big Short fame) has made million-dollar bets that companies like Palantir and Nvidia will drop in value.

What Altman’s comment really exposes is not only the fragility of specific firms but the deeper tendency Prussian philosopher Karl Marx predicted: the problem of surplus capital that can no longer find profitable outlets in production.

Marx’s theory of crisis

The future of AI is not in question. Like the internet after the dot-com crash, the technology will endure. What is in question is where capital will flow once AI equities stop delivering the speculative returns they have promised over the past few years.

That question takes us directly back to Marx’s analysis of crises driven by over-accumulation. Marx argued that an economy becomes unstable when the mass of accumulated capital can no longer be profitably reinvested.

An overproduction of capital, he explained, occurs whenever additional investment fails to generate new surplus value. When surplus capital cannot profitably be absorbed through the production of goods, it is displaced into speculative outlets.

Tech investments mask economic weakness

Years of low interest rates and pandemic-era liquidity have swollen corporate balance sheets. Much of that liquidity has entered the technology sector, concentrating in the so-called “Magnificent Seven” — Amazon, Alphabet, Meta, Apple, Microsoft, Nvidia and Tesla. Without these firms, market performance would be negative.

This does not signal technological dynamism; it reflects capital concentrated in a narrow cluster of overvalued assets, functioning as “money thrown into circulation without a material basis in production” that circulates without any grounding in real economic activity.

The consequence of this is that less investment reaches the “real economy”, which fuels economic stagnation and the cost-of-living crisis, both of which remain obscured by the formal metric of GDP.

How AI became the latest fix

Economic geographer David Harvey extends Marx’s insight through the idea of the “spatio-temporal fix,” which refers to the way capital temporarily resolves stagnation by either pushing investment into the future or expanding into new territories.

Over-accumulation generates surpluses of labour, productive capacity and money capital, which cannot be absorbed without loss. These surpluses are then redirected into long-term projects that defer crises into new spaces that open fresh possibilities for extraction.

The AI boom functions as both a temporal and a spatial fix. As a temporal fix, it offers investors claims on future profitability that may never arrive — what Marx called “fictitious capital.” This is wealth that shows up on balance sheets despite having little basis in the real economy rooted in the production of goods.

Spatially, the expansion of data centres, chip manufacturing sites and mineral extraction zones requires enormous physical investment. These projects absorb capital while depending on new territories, new labour markets and new resource frontiers.

Yet as Altman’s admission suggests, and as U.S. President Donald Trump’s protectionist measures complicate global trade, these outlets are reaching their limits.

The costs of speculative capital

The consequences of over-accumulation extend far beyond firms and investors. They are experienced socially, not abstractly. Marx explained that an overproduction of capital corresponds to an overproduction of the means of production and necessities of life that cannot be used at existing rates of exploitation.

In other words, stagnant purchasing power prevents capital from being valorized at the pace it is being produced. As profitability declines, the economy resolves the imbalance by destroying the livelihoods of workers and households whose pensions are tied to equities.

History offers stark examples. The dot-com crash wiped out small investors and concentrated power in surviving firms. The 2008 financial crisis displaced millions from their homes while financial institutions were rescued.

Today, large asset managers are already hedging against potential turbulence. Vanguard, for instance, has shifted significantly toward fixed income.

Speculation drives growth

The AI bubble is primarily a symptom of structural pressures rather than purely a technological event. In the early 20th century, Marxist economist Rosa Luxemburg questioned where the continually increasing demand required for expanded reproduction would come from.

Her answer echoes Marx and Harvey: when productive outlets shrink, capital moves either outward or into speculation. The U.S. increasingly chooses the latter.

Corporate spending on AI infrastructure now contributes more to GDP growth than household consumption, an unprecedented inversion that shows how much growth is being driven by speculative investment rather than productive expansion.

This dynamic pulls down the rate of profit, and when the speculative flow reverses, contraction will follow.

A screenshot of a post from X illustrating that AI capex has added more to GDP growth than consumers' spending via a graph — (X/Twitter)

Tariffs tighten the squeeze on capital

Financial inflation has intensified as the traditional pressure valves that once allowed capital to move into new physical or geographic markets have narrowed.

Tariffs, export controls on semiconductors and retaliatory trade measures have narrowed the global space available for relocation. Since capital cannot readily escape the structural pressures of the domestic economy, it increasingly turns to financial tools that postpone losses by rolling debt forward or inflating asset prices; mechanisms that ultimately heighten fragility when the reckoning comes.

U.S. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell’s openness to interest rate cuts signals a renewed turn toward cheap credit. Lower borrowing costs let capital paper over losses and pump up fresh speculative cycles.

Marx captured this logic in his analysis of interest-bearing capital, where finance generates claims on future production “above and beyond what can be realized in the form of commodities.”

The result is that households are pushed to take on more debt than they can manage, effectively swapping a crisis of stagnation for a crisis of consumer credit.

Bubbles and social risk

If the AI bubble bursts when governments have limited room to shift investment internationally and the economy is propped up by increasingly fragile credit, the consequences could be serious.

Capital will not disappear, but will instead concentrate in bond markets and credit instruments inflated by a U.S. central bank eager to cut interest rates. This does not avert crisis; it merely transfers the costs downward.

Bubbles are not accidents, but recurring mechanisms for absorbing surplus capital. If Trump’s protectionism ensures that spatial outlets continue to close and temporal fixes rely on ever riskier leverage, the system moves toward a cycle of asset inflation, collapse and renewed state intervention.

AI will survive, but the speculative bubble surrounding it is a sign of a deeper structural problem — the cost of which, when finally realized, will fall most heavily on the working class.

Elliot Goodell Ugalde does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

– ref. The AI bubble isn’t new — Karl Marx explained the mechanisms behind it nearly 150 years ago – https://theconversation.com/the-ai-bubble-isnt-new-karl-marx-explained-the-mechanisms-behind-it-nearly-150-years-ago-270663

November 30, 2025

Are harp seals responsible for the stalled recovery of Atlantic cod?

Source: The Conversation – Canada – By Tyler Eddy, Research Scientist, Fisheries & Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland

In June 2024, the Canadian government lifted the moratorium on northern cod fishing in Newfoundland and Labrador after 32 years. The decision was controversial because cod numbers had not recovered since they collapsed in the early 1990s.

The collapse of Atlantic cod stocks in Newfoundland and Labrador had a huge impact on the economic and social fabric of the province. The subsequent fishing moratorium in 1992 put nearly 30,000 people in the province out of work.

Several explanations have been put forward for the stalled cod recovery, including environmental conditions, historical overfishing and prey availability.

Another explanation has identified predation by harp seals as the reason cod numbers have remained low. However, given the severity of historical overfishing that occurred, Atlantic cod population growth may be impaired by a number of factors.

The Northwest Atlantic harp seal population was estimated at 4.4 million in 2024, the second-largest seal population in the world. Fishermen have long been concerned about the amount of fish that harp seals consume. However, a 2014 Fisheries and Oceans Canada study concluded that harp seals do not strongly impact the northern cod stock.

The concerns of fishermen about the impact of seals on fish stocks were heard by the Canadian government. In September 2023, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans announced funding for independent seal science. It was through this funding opportunity that I recruited postdoctoral fellow Pablo Vajas and MSc student Hannah West to dive deeper into the issue.

Historical overfishing

The magnitude and duration of overfishing increase the time fish stocks need to recover. By 1993, northern cod had declined by 99 per cent of its historical biomass, while the other Newfoundland Atlantic cod stocks declined by 77 per cent to 95 per cent. During the fishing moratorium on the offshore fishing fleet, inshore and recreational fisheries continued to operate, but fisheries catches were very low.

Capelin, a small forage fish that is important prey for cod and other predators, is linked to cod population growth and is included in the northern cod stock assessment. Capelin also collapsed in the 1990s and has not recovered to pre-collapse levels, limiting ecosystem productivity. It remains unknown why capelin has not recovered.

Do harp seals eat more than fisheries catch?

Harp seals eat a range of items — their diet varies by prey availability, season, location and time. In our recently published study, we compared diet estimates from stomach content analyses from 7,710 harp seals as well as laboratory analyses of muscle tissue using fatty acids and stable isotopes.

In general, our findings told a consistent story: harp seals are generalists that eat a range of prey, including American plaice, Arctic cod, Atlantic cod, Atlantic herring, capelin, flounder, redfish, sand lance, shrimp, squid and zooplankton. We incorporated these results into a food-web model of predator and prey interactions to calculate the total harp seal consumption of prey and their contribution to mortality. We compared these consumption and mortality rates to those from fisheries.

Our analysis revealed that harp seals consume a higher biomass of shared target species than caught by fisheries. Harp seal consumption rates were 24 times higher than fisheries catch rates for Atlantic cod, Greenland halibut and American plaice from 2018 to 2020.

We also found that harp seals caused 17 times more deaths of shared target species than fishing did. Stock assessments have reported elevated levels of northern cod natural mortality since the collapse. Consistently, our research found that the impact of harp seals on other species in the ecosystem has increased since the fish stocks collapsed.

The harp seal population has declined by 41 per cent since 1998, when it peaked at 7.5 million. This has happened while the number of harp seals harvested for their meat and pelts has also declined. Harp seals have recently been listed as near-threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature due to Arctic sea ice loss.

Marine ecosystems in a changing world

Newfoundland and Labrador’s marine ecosystems are highly dynamic. Since the cod collapse, ecosystems have been less productive, leading to a declining harp seal population and limiting the recovery of collapsed fish stocks.

Despite the decline in harp seal numbers, our findings show that harp seal predation remains an important factor that should be included in Atlantic cod stock assessments.

It should be noted that climate change is an additional factor affecting marine ecosystems and fisheries. More than ever, it is crucial to track the productivity of fish stocks and marine ecosystems to achieve sustainable resource management.

Tyler Eddy receives funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s Sustainable Fisheries Science Fund, and the Canada First Research Excellence Fund.

– ref. Are harp seals responsible for the stalled recovery of Atlantic cod? – https://theconversation.com/are-harp-seals-responsible-for-the-stalled-recovery-of-atlantic-cod-269337